Phasic vs sustained fear in rats and humans: role of the extended amygdala in fear vs anxiety.

Phasic vs sustained fear in rats and humans: role of the extended amygdala in fear vs anxiety.
复制标题

在大鼠和人类中持续的恐惧:恐惧与焦虑中的杏仁核的作用。

DOI:
10.1038/npp.2009.109
复制
发表时间:
2010-01
期刊:
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:

文献摘要

参考文献

被引文献

相似文献

将使用大鼠和人类的声惊吓反射对数据进行审查,这是基于我们试图操作性地定义恐惧与焦虑。虽然恐惧和焦虑的症状非常相似,但它们也不同。恐惧通常是一种适应性的恐惧状态,它迅速开始,一旦威胁被消除就会迅速消失(阶段性恐惧)。焦虑是由不太具体和不可预测的威胁引起的,或者是由那些在身体或心理上更遥远的威胁引起的。因此,焦虑是一种更持久的恐惧状态(持续的恐惧)。啮齿动物的研究表明,阶段性恐惧是由杏仁核介导的,杏仁核将输出发送到下丘脑和脑干,产生恐惧症状。持续的恐惧也是由杏仁核介导的,杏仁核释放促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子,这是一种作用于终纹床核(BNST)受体的应激激素,BNST是所谓的“延伸杏仁核”的一部分。杏仁核和BNST向相同的下丘脑和脑干目标发送输出,分别产生阶段性和持续性恐惧。在老鼠身上,持续的恐惧对抗焦虑药物更敏感。在人类中,临床焦虑的症状在持续的而不是阶段性的恐惧范式中更好地被检测到。
Data will be reviewed using the acoustic startle reflex in rats and humans based on our attempts to operationally define fear vs anxiety. Although the symptoms of fear and anxiety are very similar, they also differ. Fear is a generally adaptive state of apprehension that begins rapidly and dissipates quickly once the threat is removed (phasic fear). Anxiety is elicited by less specific and less predictable threats, or by those that are physically or psychologically more distant. Thus, anxiety is a more long-lasting state of apprehension (sustained fear). Rodent studies suggest that phasic fear is mediated by the amygdala, which sends outputs to the hypothalamus and brainstem to produce symptoms of fear. Sustained fear is also mediated by the amygdala, which releases corticotropin-releasing factor, a stress hormone that acts on receptors in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), a part of the so-called ‘extended amygdala.’ The amygdala and BNST send outputs to the same hypothalamic and brainstem targets to produce phasic and sustained fear, respectively. In rats, sustained fear is more sensitive to anxiolytic drugs. In humans, symptoms of clinical anxiety are better detected in sustained rather than phasic fear paradigms.
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-002-1011-8
发表时间: 2002-05-01
期刊: PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
影响因子: 3.4
作者:
Baas, JMP;Grillon, C;Verbaten, MN
通讯作者: Verbaten, MN
DOI: 10.1101/lm.493707
发表时间: 2007-04-01
期刊: LEARNING & MEMORY
影响因子: 2
作者:
Alvarez, Ruben P.;Johnson, Linda;Grillon, Christian
通讯作者: Grillon, Christian
DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4328(99)00101-1
发表时间: 1999-12-01
影响因子: 2.7
作者:
Akwa, Y;Purdy, RH;Britton, KT
通讯作者: Britton, KT
DOI: 10.1177/026988119701100110
发表时间: 1997-01-01
影响因子: 4.1
作者:
Abduljawad, KAJ;Langley, RW;Szabadi, E
通讯作者: Szabadi, E
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4488-03.2004
发表时间: 2004-01-28
影响因子: 5.3
作者:
Amir, S;Lamont, EW;Stewart, J
通讯作者: Stewart, J