Annual research review: Current limitations and future directions in MRI studies of child- and adult-onset developmental psychopathologies.
Annual research review: Current limitations and future directions in MRI studies of child- and adult-onset developmental psychopathologies.
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DOI：
10.1111/jcpp.12185
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发表时间：
2014-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Peterson BS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Horga G;Kaur T;Peterson BS
磁共振成像（MRI）在儿童和成人发病的发展性精神病理学研究中的广泛应用，已经产生了许多研究，这些研究已经测量了整个发育过程中的大脑结构和功能，经常产生巨大的兴奋，因为我们有能力通过这些研究产生的诱人的，甚至诱人的图像来可视化生活，发育中的大脑。在这种兴奋中，人们往往忽略了这样一种认识：一般来说，大脑成像，尤其是核磁共振成像，只是一种技术，与任何其他技术（无论是血液测试、基因分型分析、生化分析还是行为测试）都没有本质上的区别。任何技术都不能单独产生有效的科学发现。相反，只有技术与强大的实验设计相结合，才能产生有效且可重复的发现，从而对疾病机制和治疗反应产生新的见解。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了一些研究，以说明迄今为止最常见的MRI研究设计的最常见和重要的局限性，以及对这些研究结果的解释可能对我们的发展精神病理学理论产生的误解。到目前为止，这些局限性在很大程度上导致了在大多数发展性精神病理学的MRI研究中，研究结果的可重复性普遍较差，对更大人群的推广能力较差，无法识别发育轨迹，无法区分疾病的原因和影响，以及推断因果机制的能力较差。对于研究设计中的每一个限制以及它们对研究结果的解释所带来的困难，我们讨论了许多实验室现在正在采取的各种方法来解决这些困难，这些方法的共同点是将脑成像技术与具有内在更强设计的研究相结合，这些设计允许更有效和更有力的因果推理。这些研究设计包括流行病学、纵向、高风险、临床试验和多模式成像研究。我们重点介绍了几项将脑成像技术与这些更强的设计相结合的研究，以说明这样做如何有助于我们对疾病机制的理解，并在可预见的未来改善临床诊断、预防和治疗计划。
The widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the study of child- and adult-onset developmental psychopathologies has generated many investigations that have measured brain structure and function in vivo throughout development, often generating great excitement over our ability to visualize the living, developing brain using the attractive, even seductive images that these studies produce. Often lost in this excitement is the recognition that brain imaging generally, and MRI in particular, is simply a technology, one that does not fundamentally differ from any other technology, be it a blood test, a genotyping assay, a biochemical assay, or behavioral test. No technology alone can generate valid scientific findings. Rather, it is only technology coupled with a strong experimental design that can generate valid and reproducible findings that lead to new insights into the mechanisms of disease and therapeutic response. In this review we discuss selected studies to illustrate the most common and important limitations of MRI study designs as most commonly implemented thus far, as well as the misunderstanding that the interpretations of findings from those studies can create for our theories of developmental psychopathologies. Those limitations are in large part responsible thus far for the generally poor reproducibility of findings across studies, poor generalizability to the larger population, failure to identify developmental trajectories, inability to distinguish causes from effects of illness, and poor ability to infer causal mechanisms in most MRI studies of developmental psychopathologies. For each of these limitations in study design and the difficulties they entail for the interpretation of findings, we discuss various approaches that numerous laboratories are now taking to address those difficulties, which have in common the yoking of brain imaging technologies to studies with inherently stronger designs that permit more valid and more powerful causal inferences. Those study designs include epidemiological, longitudinal, high-risk, clinical trials, and multimodal imaging studies. We highlight several studies that have yoked brain imaging technologies to these stronger designs to illustrate how doing so can aid our understanding of disease mechanisms and in the foreseeable future can improve clinical diagnosis, prevention, and treatment planning for developmental psychopathologies.
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影响因子：
158.5
作者：
COURCHESNE, E;YEUNGCOURCHESNE, R;JERNIGAN, TL
通讯作者：
JERNIGAN, TL
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