Valuation of knowledge and ignorance in mesolimbic reward circuitry.
Valuation of knowledge and ignorance in mesolimbic reward circuitry.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1800547115
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发表时间：
2018-07-31
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Sharot T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Charpentier CJ;Bromberg-Martin ES;Sharot T
人类渴望知道未来会发生什么。然而，有时他们决定保持无知（例如，拒绝体检）。这些决定在从卫生到金融等领域具有重要的社会影响。我们展示了如何获得信息的机会是有价值的，并解释了为什么知识并不总是首选。具体来说，中脑边缘奖励回路选择性地将获得关于有利而非不利结果的知识的机会视为要接近的奖励。这种编码预测了有偏见的信息寻求：参与者选择关于未来理想结果的知识，而不是关于不理想结果的知识，反之亦然，无知，并且愿意为两者付出代价。这项工作证明了效价在人类大脑如何评价知识中的作用。追求知识是人性的基本特征。然而，在从健康到金融的各个领域，人们有时选择保持无知。在这里，我们表明，效价是人类大脑评估获得信息的机会的过程的核心，解释了为什么知识可能并不总是首选。我们发现，中脑边缘奖励电路选择性地对待的机会，以获得有关未来的有利结果的知识，但不是不利的结果，好像它有积极的效用。这种神经编码预测参与者倾向于选择关于未来理想结果的知识，而不是不理想的结果，并且选择对未来不理想结果的无知，而不是理想的结果。引人注目的是，参与者愿意为知识和无知付出代价，这是知识的预期价值的函数。然而，眶额皮层（OFC）对接受知识的机会做出反应，而不是无知，不管信息的价值如何。眶额皮层和中脑边缘回路之间的连接可能有助于对知识的普遍偏好，这种偏好也受到效价的调节。我们的研究结果特征的重要性价在信息寻求和其基础的神经计算。这种机制可能会导致次优行为，例如当人们拒绝医疗筛查或在牛市而不是熊市期间更多地监控投资时。
Humans desire to know what the future holds. Yet, at times they decide to remain ignorant (e.g., reject medical screenings). These decisions have important societal implications in domains ranging from health to finance. We show how the opportunity to gain information is valued and explain why knowledge is not always preferred. Specifically, the mesolimbic reward circuitry selectively treats the opportunity to gain knowledge about favorable, but not unfavorable, outcomes as a reward to be approached. This coding predicts biased information seeking: Participants choose knowledge about future desirable outcomes more than about undesirable ones, vice versa for ignorance, and are willing to pay for both. This work demonstrates a role for valence in how the human brain values knowledge. The pursuit of knowledge is a basic feature of human nature. However, in domains ranging from health to finance people sometimes choose to remain ignorant. Here, we show that valence is central to the process by which the human brain evaluates the opportunity to gain information, explaining why knowledge may not always be preferred. We reveal that the mesolimbic reward circuitry selectively treats the opportunity to gain knowledge about future favorable outcomes, but not unfavorable outcomes, as if it has positive utility. This neural coding predicts participants’ tendency to choose knowledge about future desirable outcomes more often than undesirable ones, and to choose ignorance about future undesirable outcomes more often than desirable ones. Strikingly, participants are willing to pay both for knowledge and ignorance as a function of the expected valence of knowledge. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), however, responds to the opportunity to receive knowledge over ignorance regardless of the valence of the information. Connectivity between the OFC and mesolimbic circuitry could contribute to a general preference for knowledge that is also modulated by valence. Our findings characterize the importance of valence in information seeking and its underlying neural computation. This mechanism could lead to suboptimal behavior, such as when people reject medical screenings or monitor investments more during bull than bear markets.
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眶额皮层在好奇心驱使下的决策中使用不同的代码来表示不同的选择属性。
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Blanchard, Tommy C.;Hayden, Benjamin Y.;Bromberg-Martin, Ethan S.
通讯作者：
Bromberg-Martin, Ethan S.
DOI：
10.1016/0749-5978(87)90043-4
发表时间：
1987-02-01
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
COHEN, M;JAFFRAY, JY;SAID, T
通讯作者：
SAID, T
DOI：
10.1002/bs.3830090304
发表时间：
1964-01-01
期刊：
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
影响因子：
--
作者：
BECKER, GM;DEGROOT, MH;MARSCHAK, J
通讯作者：
MARSCHAK, J
影响因子：
25
作者：
Kable, Joseph W.;Glimcher, Paul W.
通讯作者：
Glimcher, Paul W.
影响因子：
25
作者：
Garrett N;Lazzaro SC;Ariely D;Sharot T
通讯作者：
Sharot T