Truncated and modified amyloid-beta species.

Truncated and modified amyloid-beta species.
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DOI:
10.1186/alzrt258
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
Alzheimer's research & therapy
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Heneka MT
Heneka MT
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kummer MP;Heneka MT

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阿尔茨海默病的病理学与淀粉样前体蛋白 (APP) 的加工密切相关,从而导致多种淀粉样 β (Aβ) 肽的形成。它们以不溶性聚集体形式存在于老年斑中,这是该疾病的组织病理学标志。这些肽也以可溶性形式(主要是单体和二聚体)存在于间质和脑脊液中。由于 APP 加工过程中多种酶活性的结合,Aβ 肽以具有不同 N 末端和 C 末端的多种亚型存在。这些肽在一定程度上包括APP的部分近膜和跨膜结构域。除了大小差异之外,Aβ 的翻译后修饰(包括氧化、磷酸化、硝化、外消旋化、异构化、焦谷氨酰化和糖基化)会产生大量具有不同生理和病理特性的肽,这些肽可能会调节疾病进展。
Alzheimer’s disease pathology is closely connected to the processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) resulting in the formation of a variety of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides. They are found as insoluble aggregates in senile plaques, the histopathological hallmark of the disease. These peptides are also found in soluble, mostly monomeric and dimeric, forms in the interstitial and cerebrospinal fluid. Due to the combination of several enzymatic activities during APP processing, Aβ peptides exist in multiple isoforms possessing different N-termini and C-termini. These peptides include, to a certain extent, part of the juxtamembrane and transmembrane domain of APP. Besides differences in size, post-translational modifications of Aβ – including oxidation, phosphorylation, nitration, racemization, isomerization, pyroglutamylation, and glycosylation – generate a plethora of peptides with different physiological and pathological properties that may modulate disease progression.
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