Rethinking the role of top-down attention in vision: effects attributable to a lossy representation in peripheral vision.
Rethinking the role of top-down attention in vision: effects attributable to a lossy representation in peripheral vision.
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重新考虑自上而下注意力在视觉中的作用：归因于外围视觉中有损代表的效果。
DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00013
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Ehinger KA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rosenholtz R;Huang J;Ehinger KA
根据视觉感知领域的常识，为了将特征绑定到对象中，需要自上而下的选择性注意。在这种观点下，即使是简单的任务，例如区分旋转的T和旋转的L，也需要选择性的注意力，因为它们需要特征绑定。选择性注意，反过来，通常被认为涉及意志，意图，至少是隐含的意识。我们可能需要像意识意识这样昂贵的（可能是人类的）资源来执行感知这样基本的功能，这种想法有些非直觉。事实上，我们可以进行复杂的感觉运动任务，似乎在几乎没有意识或意志转移的注意力（“僵尸行为”）。更一般地说，注意力和意识之间的紧密联系，以及注意力对感知的假定作用，是有问题的。我们建议，在正常的观看条件下，特征绑定和感知的主要过程在很大程度上独立于自上而下的选择性注意。最近的研究表明，在视觉处理的早期阶段，特别是在周边，有一个显着的信息丢失。特别是，我们的纹理平铺模型（TTM）表示图像的一组固定的“纹理”统计计算的局部池化区域，瓷砖的视觉输入。我们认为，这种有损表示产生的知觉模糊性，以前被归因于缺乏选择性注意的情况下，功能绑定。同时，TTM表示足够丰富，可以解释场景要点识别、弹出目标搜索和导航等复杂任务的性能。许多以前用自愿注意来解释的现象可以用TTM来解释。在这个模型中，周边视觉引入了一种特定的信息损失，并且观察者可用的信息根据注视点的变化而变化很大（这通常在没有意识的情况下发生）。可获得的信息反过来又提供了视觉系统的能力和缺陷的关键决定因素。这种模式将基本的知觉操作（如特征绑定）与自上而下的注意力和有意识的意识分离开来。
According to common wisdom in the field of visual perception, top-down selective attention is required in order to bind features into objects. In this view, even simple tasks, such as distinguishing a rotated T from a rotated L, require selective attention since they require feature binding. Selective attention, in turn, is commonly conceived as involving volition, intention, and at least implicitly, awareness. There is something non-intuitive about the notion that we might need so expensive (and possibly human) a resource as conscious awareness in order to perform so basic a function as perception. In fact, we can carry out complex sensorimotor tasks, seemingly in the near absence of awareness or volitional shifts of attention (“zombie behaviors”). More generally, the tight association between attention and awareness, and the presumed role of attention on perception, is problematic. We propose that under normal viewing conditions, the main processes of feature binding and perception proceed largely independently of top-down selective attention. Recent work suggests that there is a significant loss of information in early stages of visual processing, especially in the periphery. In particular, our texture tiling model (TTM) represents images in terms of a fixed set of “texture” statistics computed over local pooling regions that tile the visual input. We argue that this lossy representation produces the perceptual ambiguities that have previously been as ascribed to a lack of feature binding in the absence of selective attention. At the same time, the TTM representation is sufficiently rich to explain performance in such complex tasks as scene gist recognition, pop-out target search, and navigation. A number of phenomena that have previously been explained in terms of voluntary attention can be explained more parsimoniously with the TTM. In this model, peripheral vision introduces a specific kind of information loss, and the information available to an observer varies greatly depending upon shifts of the point of gaze (which usually occur without awareness). The available information, in turn, provides a key determinant of the visual system’s capabilities and deficiencies. This scheme dissociates basic perceptual operations, such as feature binding, from both top-down attention and conscious awareness.
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