Contrasting parasite-mediated reductions in fitness within versus between patches of a nematode host.
Contrasting parasite-mediated reductions in fitness within versus between patches of a nematode host.
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对比寄生虫介导的线虫宿主斑块内与斑块间适合度的降低。
DOI：
10.1111/evo.14521
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发表时间：
2022-07
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影响因子：
--
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中科院分区：
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宿主和寄生虫在空间尺度上相互作用，但寄生虫介导的适应性效应通常仅在局部尺度上测量。最近的工作表明，寄生虫可以降低主机健身在补丁之间的传播，突出了潜在的补丁内和补丁之间的影响，有助于寄生的净健身后果。在这项工作的基础上，我们测量了传播阶段对寄生虫介导的宿主适应性降低的贡献。我们使用线虫秀丽隐杆线虫和其天然的微孢子虫寄生虫Nematocida parisii量化的健身后果的寄生在个人，人口和集合种群水平。杀线虫降低了个体生殖力和种群增长，但在扩散阶段的适合度影响最大：寄生降低了62%-100%的扩散幼虫的适合度。这些结果表明，在这个系统中的寄生成本被大大低估，如果不考虑集合种群水平。我们还发现，N. Parisii因寄主基因型而异，最抗性基因型的相对优势随着扩散阶段的加入而增加。总之，我们的研究结果表明，在传播阶段的宿主-寄生虫相互作用可以放大寄生虫抗性的选择。
Host and parasites interact across spatial scales, but parasite‐mediated fitness effects are typically measured only at local scales. Recent work suggests that parasites can reduce host fitness during dispersal between patches, highlighting the potential for both within‐ and between‐patch effects to contribute to the net fitness consequences of parasitism. Building on this work, we measured the contribution of the dispersal phase to parasite‐mediated reductions in host fitness. We used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and its natural microsporidian parasite Nematocida parisii to quantify the fitness consequences of parasitism at the individual, population, and metapopulation level. Nematocida parisii reduced individual fecundity and population growth but had its greatest fitness impact at the dispersal stage: parasitism reduced the fitness of dispersing larvae by 62%–100%. These results indicate that the cost of parasitism in this system is greatly underestimated if the metapopulation level is not taken into account. We also found that the effects of N. parisii vary with host genotype, and the relative advantage of the most resistant genotype increases with inclusion of the dispersal stage. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that host‐parasite interactions at the dispersal stage can magnify selection for parasite resistance.
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