Planktonic microbes in the Gulf of Maine area.

Planktonic microbes in the Gulf of Maine area.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0020981
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Wolff NH
Wolff NH
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li WK;Andersen RA;Gifford DJ;Incze LS;Martin JL;Pilskaln CH;Rooney-Varga JN;Sieracki ME;Wilson WH;Wolff NH

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在缅因州海湾地区(戈马),就像海洋中的其他地方一样,数量最多的生物是微生物。戈马中的病毒主要是噬藻体和噬菌体,包括没有尾巴的足状病毒。在宏基因组中也有Mimivirus和Chlorovirus的证据。戈马中的细菌包括占优势的SAR 11类菌群,以及其他丰富的类菌群类型,如SAR 86-like cluster、SAR 116-like cluster、Rosebrum、Rhodoacetylllaceae、Acidomicrobidae、Flavobacteriales、Cytophaga以及未分类的α变形菌和γ变形菌群。甲藻Alexandiumfundyense的细菌表生体包括杜鹃花科、黄杆菌科、噬纤维菌属、硫酸菌属,鞘氨醇单胞菌属,和未分类的拟杆菌戈马中的光养原核生物包括含有叶绿素的蓝细菌(主要是聚球藻)、含有细菌叶绿素的好氧缺氧光养生物和含有蛋白视紫质的细菌。戈马中的真核微藻包括硅藻纲(Bacillariophyceae)、甲藻纲(Dinophyceae)、Prymnesiophyceae、Prasinophyceae、Trebouxiophyceae、隐藻纲(Cryptophyceae)、网枝藻纲(Dictyochophyceae)、绿藻纲(Ausphyceae)、真鞭毛藻纲(Eustigmatophyceae)、大洋藻纲(Pelagophyceae)、合脉藻纲(Synurophyceae)和黄藻纲(Xanthophyceae)。戈马中没有Bolidophyceae、Aurearenophyceae、Raphidophyceae和Synchromophyceae的记录。共记录微藻229属665个名称。戈马中的异养真核原生生物包括甲藻纲(Dinophyceae)、泡孔纲(Alveolata)、顶复门(Apicomplexa)、变形虫生物、Labrynthulida和异养海洋层虫(MAST)。纤毛虫包括Strombidium、Lohmaniella、Tontonia、Strobilidium、Strombidinopsis和混合营养体Laboea strobila和Myrionecta rubrum(ex Mesodinium rubra)。在戈马的14个自然地理区域中的每一个选定的微生物组的库存是通过结合细胞密度的深度依赖性变化和水体积的深度依赖性变化的信息。在整个戈马中,基于细胞的微生物的最小丰度估计为1.7×1025个生物体。根据一种说法,这个数量的微生物意味着在戈马的整个水量中有105到106个分类群。微型浮游生物的形态多样性得到了很好的描述,但分类多样性的真实程度,特别是在femtoplankton,picoplancton和nanoplankton -无论是自养,异养,还是混合营养,都是未知的。
In the Gulf of Maine area (GoMA), as elsewhere in the ocean, the organisms of greatest numerical abundance are microbes. Viruses in GoMA are largely cyanophages and bacteriophages, including podoviruses which lack tails. There is also evidence of Mimivirus and Chlorovirus in the metagenome. Bacteria in GoMA comprise the dominant SAR11 phylotype cluster, and other abundant phylotypes such as SAR86-like cluster, SAR116-like cluster, Roseobacter, Rhodospirillaceae, Acidomicrobidae, Flavobacteriales, Cytophaga, and unclassified Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria clusters. Bacterial epibionts of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense include Rhodobacteraceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Cytophaga spp., Sulfitobacter spp., Sphingomonas spp., and unclassified Bacteroidetes. Phototrophic prokaryotes in GoMA include cyanobacteria that contain chlorophyll (mainly Synechococcus), aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs that contain bacteriochlorophyll, and bacteria that contain proteorhodopsin. Eukaryotic microalgae in GoMA include Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae, Prasinophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Dictyochophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Eustigmatophyceae, Pelagophyceae, Synurophyceae, and Xanthophyceae. There are no records of Bolidophyceae, Aurearenophyceae, Raphidophyceae, and Synchromophyceae in GoMA. In total, there are records for 665 names and 229 genera of microalgae. Heterotrophic eukaryotic protists in GoMA include Dinophyceae, Alveolata, Apicomplexa, amoeboid organisms, Labrynthulida, and heterotrophic marine stramenopiles (MAST). Ciliates include Strombidium, Lohmaniella, Tontonia, Strobilidium, Strombidinopsis and the mixotrophs Laboea strobila and Myrionecta rubrum (ex Mesodinium rubra). An inventory of selected microbial groups in each of 14 physiographic regions in GoMA is made by combining information on the depth-dependent variation of cell density and the depth-dependent variation of water volume. Across the entire GoMA, an estimate for the minimum abundance of cell-based microbes is 1.7×1025 organisms. By one account, this number of microbes implies a richness of 105 to 106 taxa in the entire water volume of GoMA. Morphological diversity in microplankton is well-described but the true extent of taxonomic diversity, especially in the femtoplankton, picoplankton and nanoplankton – whether autotrophic, heterotrophic, or mixotrophic, is unknown.
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