Viral Release Threshold in the Salivary Gland of Leafhopper Vector Mediates the Intermittent Transmission of Rice Dwarf Virus.
Viral Release Threshold in the Salivary Gland of Leafhopper Vector Mediates the Intermittent Transmission of Rice Dwarf Virus.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2021.639445
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Wei T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen Q;Liu Y;Long Z;Yang H;Wei T
许多刺吸式昆虫可以持续传播病毒病原体结合唾液植物韧皮部在间歇模式。昆虫媒介终生保持带毒状态。然而，昆虫媒介不连续传播病毒的原因仍不清楚。水稻矮缩病毒（Rice dwarf virus，RDV）是一种植物呼肠孤病毒，在叶蝉介体的唾液腺细胞中复制和组装子代病毒粒子。我们观察到，RDV病毒粒子移动到唾液存储腔中的唾液腺的叶蝉载体通过胞吐样机制，促进病毒水平传播到植物宿主在取食叶蝉。有趣的是，在传播期间的叶蝉唾液腺中的病毒积累水平显着低于在间歇期的病毒个体。根据52只叶蝉唾液腺中病毒滴度的测定结果，提出了一个病毒释放阈值，约为1.79 × 104拷贝/μ gRNA。因此，假设病毒释放阈值介导RDV从叶蝉唾液腺细胞的间歇性释放。我们预计，病毒释放阈值介导的昆虫介导的间歇性传播是保守的战略，在自然界中的流行和持久性的媒介传播病毒。
Numerous piercing-sucking insects can persistently transmit viral pathogens in combination with saliva to plant phloem in an intermittent pattern. Insect vectors maintain viruliferous for life. However, the reason why insect vectors discontinuously transmit the virus remains unclear. Rice dwarf virus (RDV), a plant reovirus, was found to replicate and assemble the progeny virions in salivary gland cells of the leafhopper vector. We observed that the RDV virions moved into saliva-stored cavities in the salivary glands of leafhopper vectors via an exocytosis-like mechanism, facilitating the viral horizontal transmission to plant hosts during the feeding of leafhoppers. Interestingly, the levels of viral accumulation in the salivary glands of leafhoppers during the transmitting period were significantly lower than those of viruliferous individuals during the intermittent period. A putative viral release threshold, which was close to 1.79 × 104 copies/μg RNA was proposed from the viral titers in the salivary glands of 52 leafhoppers during the intermittent period. Thus, the viral release threshold was hypothesized to mediate the intermittent release of RDV from the salivary gland cells of leafhoppers. We anticipate that viral release threshold-mediated intermittent transmission by insect vectors is the conserved strategy for the epidemic and persistence of vector-borne viruses in nature.
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