Toddlers' prosocial behavior: from instrumental to empathic to altruistic helping.
Toddlers' prosocial behavior: from instrumental to empathic to altruistic helping.
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DOI:
10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01512.x
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发表时间:
2010-11
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Brownell CA
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Svetlova M;Nichols SR;Brownell CA
The study explored how the meaning of prosocial behavior changes over toddlerhood. Sixty-five 18- and 30-month-olds could help an adult in three contexts: instrumental (action-based), empathic (emotion-based) and altruistic (costly). Children at both ages helped readily in instrumental tasks. For 18-month-olds, empathic helping was significantly more difficult than instrumental helping and required greater communication from the adult about her needs. Altruistic helping, which involved giving up an object of the child's own, was the most difficult for children at both ages. Findings suggest that over the second year of life, prosocial behavior develops from relying on action understanding and explicit communications to understanding others' emotions from subtle cues. Developmental trajectories of social-understanding and motivational components of early helping are discussed.
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DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00237.x
发表时间:
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影响因子:
7.6
作者:
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