Geoarchaeological investigation of occupation deposits in Blombos Cave in South Africa indicate changes in site use and settlement dynamics in the southern Cape during MIS 5b-4

Geoarchaeological investigation of occupation deposits in Blombos Cave in South Africa indicate changes in site use and settlement dynamics in the southern Cape during MIS 5b-4
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对南非布隆博斯洞穴占领沉积物的地质考古调查表明,MIS 5b-4 期间南开普省的场地利用和定居动态发生了变化

DOI:
10.1017/qua.2020.75
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
2.3
通讯作者:
Henshilwood
Henshilwood
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Haaland;Miller;Unhammer;Reynard;van Niekerk;Ligouis;Mentzer;Henshilwood

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从南非布隆伯斯洞穴中石器时代(MSA)水平恢复的考古组合是我们理解早期现代人类发展的核心。在这里,我们证明了从布隆伯斯洞穴MSA记录推断的文化和技术创新也与场地使用和职业强度的显著变化相关。通过对三个MSA占领阶段进行全面的地质考古调查,我们确定了访问频率和占领模式的不同历时趋势。在最早的阶段(CA)。88-82 ka),人类居住在洞穴更长的时间,但洞穴访问并不频繁。在后期阶段(CA)。77-72 ka),洞穴更经常访问,但每次访问时间较短。我们认为,这些变化在当地的职业强度,这也符合植被,海平面和生存的变化,可以最好地解释狩猎采集者的流动战略和职业模式的更广泛的变化。海洋氧同位素阶段5 b-4期间区域定居动态的根本变化将显著影响生活在南开普省的史前人口内部和之间的社会互动的性质和频率,这种情况最终可能解释在此期间发生的一些社会和技术进步。
The archaeological assemblage recovered from the Middle Stone Age (MSA) levels in Blombos Cave, South Africa, is central to our understanding of the development of early modern humans. Here, we demonstrate that the cultural and technological innovations inferred from the Blombos Cave MSA record also correlate with significant shifts in site use and occupational intensity. Through a comprehensive geoarchaeological investigation of three MSA occupation phases, we identified distinct diachronic trends in the frequency of visits and the modes of occupation. During the earliest phases (ca. 88–82 ka), humans inhabited the cave for more extended periods, but cave visits were not frequent. During the later phases (ca. 77–72 ka), the cave was more regularly visited but for shorter periods each time. We argue that these changes in local occupational intensity, which also coincide with shifts in vegetation, sea levels, and subsistence, can best be explained by broader changes in hunter-gatherer mobility strategies and occupation patterns. Fundamental changes in regional settlement dynamics during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stages 5b-4 would have significantly affected the nature and frequency of social interaction within and between prehistoric populations living in the southern Cape, a scenario that ultimately may explain some of the social and technological advances that occurred there during this time frame.
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