Meibomian glands, meibum, and meibogenesis.
Meibomian glands, meibum, and meibogenesis.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.exer.2017.06.020
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发表时间：
2017-10
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Butovich IA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Butovich IA
Meibum是一种富含脂质的分泌物，是由人类和大多数哺乳动物的Holocrine Meibomian腺体（MG）中完全区分的Meibocytes产生的。 Meibomian脂质在Meibum中被鉴定出来的多样性和独特性。分泌是由解剖学，身体和生物化学相关的皮脂角所产生的。 ，我们设想了统一的酶促反应网络，这些反应是导致meibum的生物合成的，我们称之为Meibibegoes，我们当前的理论是基于大多数Meibibogeness的生物生成反应的假设。这使得巨元与众不同 - 已识别的脂质类别的比率，其成分的极端长度，脂肪酸和醇的广泛的ω-羟基化，米博米亚脂质（例如蜡）以及相当独特的Meibomian脂质（例如，等）和前动物分支的比率。具有几种酯键的复杂脂质 - 可以改变已知酶的活性，或者某些未知的酶有助于造成巨bibibibogeness的过程，或者两者都在进行研究。
Meibum is a lipid-rich secretion that is produced by fully differentiated meibocytes in the holocrine Meibomian glands (MG) of humans and most mammals. The secretion is a part of a defense mechanism that protects the ocular surface from hazardous environmental factors, and from desiccation. Meibomian lipids that have been identified in meibum are very diverse and unique in nature. The lipid composition of meibum is different from virtually any other lipid pool found in the human body. In fact, meibum is quite different from sebum, which is the closest secretion that is produced by anatomically, physiologically, and biochemically related sebaceous glands. However, meibum of mice have been shown to closely resemble that of humans, implying similar biosynthetic mechanisms in MG of both species. By analyzing available genomic, immunohistochemical, and lipidomic data, we have envisioned a unifying network of enzymatic reactions that are responsible for biosynthesis of meibum, which we call meibogenesis. Our current theory is based on an assumption that most of the biosynthetic reactions of meibogenesis are catalyzed by known enzymes. However, the main features that make meibum unique – the ratio of identified classes of lipids, the extreme length of its components, extensive ω-hydroxylation of fatty acids and alcohols, iso- and anteiso-branching of meibomian lipids (e.g. waxes), and the presence of rather unique complex lipids with several ester bonds – make it possible that either the activity of known enzymes is altered in MG, or some unknown enzymes contribute to the processes of meibogenesis, or both. Studies are in progress to elucidate meibogenesis on molecular level.
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