Coronavirus Receptors as Immune Modulators.

Coronavirus Receptors as Immune Modulators.
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DOI:
10.4049/jimmunol.2001062
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发表时间:
2021-03-01
期刊:
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Shapiro LH
Shapiro LH
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Devarakonda CKV;Meredith E;Ghosh M;Shapiro LH

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冠状病毒科包括七种已知的人类冠状病毒,可引起轻度至中度呼吸道感染(HCoV-229 E、HCoV-NL 63、HCoV-OC 43、HCoV-HKU 1)以及严重疾病和死亡(MERS-CoV、SARS-CoV、SARS-CoV-2)。严重的感染会诱导高度炎症反应,这些反应通常会通过宿主适应性免疫途径加强,从而大大提高疾病的严重程度。促炎反应由宿主细胞表面受体介导的冠状病毒进入触发。有趣的是,七种菌株中有五种利用三种细胞表面金属肽酶(CD 13,CD 26和ACE 2)作为受体,而其他菌株则利用O-乙酰化唾液酸(金属肽酶的一个关键特征)进入。为什么冠状病毒进化到使用肽酶作为其受体尚不清楚,但受体的肽酶活性表明病毒利用/受益于这些分子的其他功能。事实上,这些受体参与免疫调节途径,有助于病理性炎症反应。本文将重点介绍冠状病毒受体在调节免疫反应中的作用。
The Coronaviridae family includes the seven known human coronaviruses that cause mild to moderate respiratory infections (HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1) as well as severe illness and death (MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2). Severe infections induce hyperinflammatory responses that are often intensified by host adaptive immune pathways to profoundly advance disease severity. Proinflammatory responses are triggered by coronavirus entry mediated by host cell-surface receptors. Interestingly, five of the seven strains utilize three cell-surface metallopeptidases (CD13, CD26, and ACE2) as receptors, while the others employ O-acetylated-sialic acid (a key feature of metallopeptidases) for entry. Why coronaviruses evolved to use peptidases as their receptors is unknown, but the peptidase activities of the receptors are dispensable suggesting the virus utilizes/benefits from other functions of these molecules. Indeed, these receptors participate in the immune modulatory pathways that contribute to the pathological hyperinflammatory response. This review will focus on the role of coronavirus receptors in modulating immune responses.
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