The Evolution of Economic and Innovation Systems

The Evolution of Economic and Innovation Systems
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经济和创新系统的演变

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-319-13299-0_7
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Allen P
Allen P
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--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Allen P

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复杂性科学为进化思维提供了一般的数学基础。它使我们面对不确定性的固有的、不可简化的性质以及知识和预测的局限性。复杂的、进化的系统是在其底层不断进行的、持续的内部探索、实验和创新过程的基础上工作的。上面的级别会对此采取行动,从而导致较低级别的选择过程并探测上面级别的稳定性。这可能是一个组织级别以上,或潜在的市场。因此,旨在预测系统行为的模型由微观层面上的约束假设组成,并且由于惯性或一致性,在某些未指定的时间内可能近似为真。然而,没有强有力的压制和整合机制的系统将进化、创新和变化,创造新的新兴结构、能力和特征。在较低层次上没有个人自由的系统在短期内将具有可预测的行为-但无法长期生存。另一方面,创造性、创新性和不断发展的系统更有可能在更长的时间内生存,但不会有可预测的特征或行为。这些最低限度的机制是解释(尽管不是预测)市场、组织以及新兴的、进化的实践社区中发生的共同进化过程所必需的。下面将简要介绍一些例子。
Complexity science provides a general mathematical basis for evolutionary thinking. It makes us face the inherent, irreducible nature of uncertainty and the limits to knowledge and prediction. Complex, evolutionary systems work on the basis of on-going, continuous internal processes of exploration, experimentation and innovation at their underlying levels. This is acted upon by the level above, leading to a selection process on the lower levels and a probing of the stability of the level above. This could either be an organizational level above, or the potential market place. Models aimed at predicting system behaviour therefore consist of assumptions of constraints on the micro-level – and because of inertia or conformity may be approximately true for some unspecified time. However, systems without strong mechanisms of repression and conformity will evolve, innovate and change, creating new emergent structures, capabilities and characteristics. Systems with no individual freedom at their lower levels will have predictable behaviour in the short term – but will not survive in the long term. Creative, innovative, evolving systems, on the other hand, will more probably survive over longer times, but will not have predictable characteristics or behaviour. These minimal mechanisms are all that are required to explain (though not predict) the co-evolutionary processes occurring in markets, organizations, and indeed in emergent, evolutionary communities of practice. Some examples will be presented briefly.
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