Household light makes global heat: high black carbon emissions from kerosene wick lamps.
Household light makes global heat: high black carbon emissions from kerosene wick lamps.
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家用灯会产生全球热量：煤油灯光灯的高黑色碳排放。
DOI：
10.1021/es302697h
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发表时间：
2012-12-18
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Bond, Tami C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lam, Nicholas L.;Chen, Yanju;Weyant, Cheryl;Venkataraman, Chandra;Sadavarte, Pankaj;Johnson, Michael A.;Smith, Kirk R.;Brem, Benjamin T.;Arineitwe, Joseph;Ellis, Justin E.;Bond, Tami C.
在数百万发展中国家家庭中使用的煤油燃料灯芯灯是一个重要但被忽视的炭黑（BC）排放源。我们提出了新的实验室和现场测量表明，广泛使用的简单灯芯灯消耗的煤油的7-9%转化为碳质颗粒物，几乎是纯BC。这些高排放系数使先前对煤油的BC排放量估计增加了20倍，达到270千兆克/年（90%不确定性范围：110，590千兆克/年）。气溶胶对大气和雪的气候强迫估计为22 mW/m2（8.48 mW/m2），或所有其他能源相关来源的BC强迫的7%。Kemos灯有负担得起的替代品，几乎没有明显的采用障碍，并将为用户福利提供直接利益。由于共同排放的有机碳很低，对气候的净影响肯定是正强迫。没有其他主要的碳源有如此现成的替代品，明确的气候强迫效应和共同效益。更换煤油燃料的灯芯灯值得强烈考虑的计划，目标是短暂的气候强迫。
Kerosene-fueled wick lamps used in millions of developing-country households are a significant but overlooked source of black carbon (BC) emissions. We present new laboratory and field measurements showing that 7–9% of kerosene consumed by widely used simple wick lamps is converted to carbonaceous particulate matter that is nearly pure BC. These high emission factors increase previous BC emission estimates from kerosene by 20-fold, to 270 Gg/year (90% uncertainty bounds: 110, 590 Gg/year). Aerosol climate forcing on atmosphere and snow from this source is estimated at 22 mW/m2 (8, 48 mW/m2), or 7% of BC forcing by all other energy-related sources. Kerosene lamps have affordable alternatives that pose few clear adoption barriers and would provide immediate benefit to user welfare. The net effect on climate is definitively positive forcing as co-emitted organic carbon is low. No other major BC source has such readily available alternatives, definitive climate forcing effects, and co-benefits. Replacement of kerosene-fueled wick lamps deserves strong consideration for programs that target short-lived climate forcers.
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影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Lamarque, J. -F.;Bond, T. C.;van Vuuren, D. P.
通讯作者：
van Vuuren, D. P.
影响因子：
9
作者：
Adkins, Edwin;Eapen, Sandy;Modi, Vijay
通讯作者：
Modi, Vijay
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Apple, J.;Vicente, R.;Poppendieck, D.
通讯作者：
Poppendieck, D.
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Bauer, S. E.;Menon, S.;Tsigaridis, K.
通讯作者：
Tsigaridis, K.
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Bond, T. C.;Zarzycki, C.;Koch, D. M.
通讯作者：
Koch, D. M.