Models of verbal working memory capacity: what does it take to make them work?
Models of verbal working memory capacity: what does it take to make them work?
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DOI：
10.1037/a0027791
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发表时间：
2012-07
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Saults, J. Scott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cowan, Nelson;Rouder, Jeffrey N.;Blume, Christopher L.;Saults, J. Scott
当我们知道工作记忆(WM)容量限制的哪些方面受到限制，以及哪些方面受到其他记忆机制的限制时，工作记忆容量限制的理论将更加有用。虽然在视觉记忆容量限制模型方面已经取得了相当大的进展，但在理解言语材料方面进展不大，特别是当单词在心理上组合成多个单词单位或组块时。为了更全面的容量限制理论，我们研究了印刷列表中单词的强制选择识别模型，使用了旨在在记忆中产生多个单词块的材料(例如，皮革公文包)。几个简单的模型根据来自各种列表长度和潜在块大小的数据进行了测试，测试条件只是不完美地引出了单词间的关联。根据最成功的模型，参与者在工作记忆容量有限的区域内平均保留了约3个块，其中一些块只是呈现的联想信息的子集(例如，皮革公文包作为一个块保留，而公文包作为另一个块保留)。需要在激活的长期记忆(LTM)组件的模型中添加容量不受限制的组件。固定的容量限制似乎对即时口头识别和其他形式的工作记忆至关重要。我们提出了一种基于模型的方法，该方法允许评估能力，而不考虑其他重要的处理贡献。从WM理解视觉阵列能力的心理过程模型入手，我们得出了一个更统一、更完整的模型。
Theories of working memory (WM) capacity limits will be more useful when we know what aspects of performance are governed by the limits and what aspects are governed by other memory mechanisms. Whereas considerable progress has been made on models of WM capacity limits for visual arrays of separate objects, less progress has been made in understanding verbal materials, especially when words are mentally combined to form multi-word units or chunks. Toward a more comprehensive theory of capacity limits, we examine models of forced-choice recognition of words within printed lists, using materials designed to produce multi-word chunks in memory (e.g., leather brief case). Several simple models were tested against data from a variety of list lengths and potential chunk sizes, with test conditions that only imperfectly elicited the inter-word associations. According to the most successful model, participants retained about 3 chunks on average in a capacity-limited region of WM, with some chunks being only subsets of the presented associative information (e.g., leather brief case retained with leather as one chunk and brief case as another). The addition to the model of an activated long-term memory (LTM) component unlimited in capacity was needed. A fixed capacity limit appears critical to account for immediate verbal recognition and other forms of WM. We advance a model-based approach that allows capacity to be assessed despite other important processing contributions. Starting with a psychological-process model of WM capacity developed to understand visual arrays, we arrive at a more unified and complete model.
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DOI：
10.1080/17470210802453977
发表时间：
2009-07
期刊：
Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Chen Z;Cowan N
通讯作者：
Cowan N
DOI：
10.1126/science.1166794
发表时间：
2009-02-13
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bays PM;Husain M
通讯作者：
Husain M
DOI：
10.1037/a0018106
发表时间：
2010-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Borst, Jelmer P.;Taatgen, Niels A.;van Rijn, Hedderik
通讯作者：
van Rijn, Hedderik
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.4125-10.2011
发表时间：
2011-01-19
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Anderson DE;Vogel EK;Awh E
通讯作者：
Awh E
影响因子：
6.8
作者：
AKAIKE, H
通讯作者：
AKAIKE, H