Multi-tissue transcriptomics of the black widow spider reveals expansions, co-options, and functional processes of the silk gland gene toolkit.
Multi-tissue transcriptomics of the black widow spider reveals expansions, co-options, and functional processes of the silk gland gene toolkit.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2164-15-365
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发表时间：
2014-05-23
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Ayoub NA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clarke TH;Garb JE;Hayashi CY;Haney RA;Lancaster AK;Corbett S;Ayoub NA
蜘蛛（蜘蛛目）是每一个陆地生态系统中必不可少的捕食者，主要是因为它们进化出了强大的蛛丝和毒液。蜘蛛丝是几乎完全由蛋白质组成的高性能材料，因此代表了研究新蛋白质功能的基因组水平进化的理想系统。然而，蜘蛛的基因组水平资源仍然有限。我们从头组装的转录组西方黑寡妇（Latrodectus hesperus）从深度测序的三种组织类型的cDNA。我们的多组织组装包含约100，000个独特的转录物，其中> 27，000个通过同源性注释。比较不同组织中的转录本丰度，我们鉴定了647种丝腺特异性转录本，包括少数已知的丝纤维组分（例如六种蜘蛛丝素蛋白、蛛丝蛋白）。与整个转录组相比，丝腺特异性转录物在几种功能中富集，包括蛋白质降解、抑制蛋白质降解和氧化还原。对37个含有丝腺特异性转录本的基因家族的系统发育分析表明，丝腺内存在新的基因扩增，并且丝特异性表达与在其他组织中表达的旁系同源物存在多个共同选择。我们提出了一个转录程序的丝腺，包括调节腺体特异性合成的丝纤维和胶水组件，然后保护和处理这些组件成功能性纤维和胶水。我们的黑寡妇丝腺基因库为丝在工业和医学中的仿生应用提供了广泛的资源扩展。此外，我们的多组织转录组有利于蜘蛛基因组和适应性蛋白质系统的进化分析。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/1471-2164-15-365）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Spiders (Order Araneae) are essential predators in every terrestrial ecosystem largely because they have evolved potent arsenals of silk and venom. Spider silks are high performance materials made almost entirely of proteins, and thus represent an ideal system for investigating genome level evolution of novel protein functions. However, genomic level resources remain limited for spiders. We de novo assembled a transcriptome for the Western black widow (Latrodectus hesperus) from deeply sequenced cDNAs of three tissue types. Our multi-tissue assembly contained ~100,000 unique transcripts, of which > 27,000 were annotated by homology. Comparing transcript abundance among the different tissues, we identified 647 silk gland-specific transcripts, including the few known silk fiber components (e.g. six spider fibroins, spidroins). Silk gland specific transcripts are enriched compared to the entire transcriptome in several functions, including protein degradation, inhibition of protein degradation, and oxidation-reduction. Phylogenetic analyses of 37 gene families containing silk gland specific transcripts demonstrated novel gene expansions within silk glands, and multiple co-options of silk specific expression from paralogs expressed in other tissues. We propose a transcriptional program for the silk glands that involves regulating gland specific synthesis of silk fiber and glue components followed by protecting and processing these components into functional fibers and glues. Our black widow silk gland gene repertoire provides extensive expansion of resources for biomimetic applications of silk in industry and medicine. Furthermore, our multi-tissue transcriptome facilitates evolutionary analysis of arachnid genomes and adaptive protein systems. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-365) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Guerette, PA;Ginzinger, DG;Gosline, JM
通讯作者：
Gosline, JM
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Francis WR;Christianson LM;Kiko R;Powers ML;Shaner NC;Haddock SH
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Haddock SH
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0901377106
发表时间：
2009-03-31
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
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56.9
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Garb JE;Ayoub NA;Hayashi CY
通讯作者：
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