How stereotype threat affects the brain dynamics of creative thinking in female students
How stereotype threat affects the brain dynamics of creative thinking in female students
复制标题
刻板印象威胁如何影响女学生创造性思维的大脑动态
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108306
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
van Hell, Janet G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jończyk, Rafał;Dickson, Danielle S.;Bel-Bahar, Tarik S.;Kremer, Gül E.;Siddique, Zahed;van Hell, Janet G.
当人们被置于一种情境中，他们有可能对他们的社会群体形成负面的刻板印象（这种情境被称为刻板印象威胁），避免这种结果的额外压力可能会破坏他们的表现。在STEM领域，持续存在的巨大性别差异使妇女容易受到陈规定型观念的威胁，包括认为妇女不如男子善于产生创造性和创新性想法的陈规定型观念。我们测试了女学生的创造性思维是否受到刻板印象的威胁，通过测量与更好的创造性思维结果相关的α频段（8- 12 Hz振荡）的功率。与刻板印象威胁会降低与创造性思维相关的阿尔法功率的预期相反，分析显示，在引入刻板印象威胁后，阿尔法功率增加。这一结果表明，妇女可能试图增加他们的内部注意力在任务中，以反驳定型观念。从行为上看，这种努力并没有导致创造性表现的变化，这表明刻板印象威胁将阿尔法力量与创造性思维结果脱钩。这些结果支持了创造力神经科学文献中日益增长的一个学派，即经常与创造性行为结合在一起的阿尔法力量不一定与创造性过程本身有关，而是可能是更广泛地调节注意力资源分布的更大网络的一部分。
When people are placed in a situation where they are at risk of substantiating a negative stereotype about their social group (a scenario termed stereotype threat), the extra pressure to avoid this outcome can undermine their performance. Substantial and consistent gender disparities in STEM fields leave women vulnerable to stereotype threat, including the stereotype that women are not as good at generating creative and innovative ideas as men. We tested whether female students’ creative thinking is affected by a stereotype threat by measuring power in the alpha frequency band (8–12Hz oscillations) that has been associated with better creative thinking outcomes. Counter to expectations that a stereotype threat would reduce alpha power associated with creative thinking, analyses showed increased alpha power following the introduction of the stereotype threat. This outcome suggests that women may have attempted to increase their internal attention during the task in order to disprove the stereotype. Behaviorally, this effort did not lead to changes in creative performance, suggesting that the stereotype threat decoupled alpha power from creative thinking outcomes. These results support a growing school of thought in the neuroscience of creativity literature that the alpha power often seen in conjunction with creative behavior is not necessarily related to the creativity processes themselves, but rather might be part of a larger network modulating the distribution of attentional resources more broadly.
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