Chemical and Pharmacological Studies on Triterpene Saponins, Escins, from Horse Chestnut Seeds
Chemical and Pharmacological Studies on Triterpene Saponins, Escins, from Horse Chestnut Seeds
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七叶树种子中三萜皂苷、七叶皂苷的化学和药理学研究
DOI：
10.1007/978-94-015-9339-7_20
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Matsuda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Yoshikawa;H. Matsuda
从七叶树（七叶树科）种子中提取的皂苷混合物“escin”用于治疗周围血管疾病，也用于化妆品中预防和治疗蜂窝织炎。“escin”中皂苷成分的分离和结构解析一直是许多研究的目标，迄今为止，两种主要皂苷的结构是基于使用皂苷混合物和皂苷酚混合物获得的化学和物理化学证据来推测的[1-3]。最近，有报道利用高效液相色谱法从商品j3 -叶香素中分离出两种皂苷，并在先前结构的基础上对其质谱数据进行了分析[4,5]。在我们对中药和食品中的生物活性皂苷和糖苷进行表征研究的过程中，我们发现几种皂苷组分对葡萄糖负荷大鼠血清葡萄糖水平的升高具有抑制活性。通过生物测定引导分离，我们分离到了新的活性三萜皂苷，并确定了它们的结构：elatosides AK （Aralia elata SEEM）。黄芪总皂苷I-IV，黄芪总皂苷AC(黄芪总皂苷SCHRAD；甜菜皂苷IX （Beta vulgaris L.，藜科），菠菜皂苷ii， IV, basellasaponins AD (Spinacia oleracea，藜科；Basella rubra L., Basellaceae)，裸子皂苷af （Gymnema sylvestre R. BR.）。茶皂素A1-C2（山茶科）、茶皂素El、E2、茶皂素AI（山茶科）、E、z -茶皂素ac、z -茶皂素II-IV（山茶科）以及茶皂素la- vi、异茶皂素la、Ib、V（七叶神花、A. turbinata BLUME.）。Hippocastanaceae)。通过对口服糖负荷大鼠降糖活性结构要求的考察，将活性皂苷分为以下三种结构类型：1)乙酰化多羟基齐墩12-烯3-单糖苷（金皂苷、山茶花皂苷、山茶花皂苷、山茶皂苷、山茶皂苷、山茶皂苷、山茶皂苷、山茶皂苷、山茶皂苷、异山茶皂苷），3)乙酰化乙酰化多羟基齐墩12-烯3,28 -烯双糖苷（E， z -山茶花皂苷、z -山茶花皂苷）[6-8]。这些皂苷被发现可以抑制葡萄糖从胃向小肠的转运[9-12]，以及小肠刷状边界的葡萄糖转运[11,12]。此外，这些皂苷还具有促进小肠运输[13]的活性，对肠梗阻[13]的预防作用，以及对吲哚美辛或乙醇诱导的胃粘膜病变的保护作用[14,15]。本文主要介绍了近年来七叶树种子中三萜皂苷成分、叶香素和异叶香素的化学和药理研究进展。
The saponin mixture" escin" from the seeds of the horse chestnut tree (Aesculus hippocastanum L., Hippocastanaceae) is employed in therapy of peripheral vascular disorders and also in cosmetics for prevention and treatment of cellulitis. The isolation and structure elucidation of saponin constituents in" escin" have been the target of many investigations and the structures of two major saponins were hitherto presumed on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence obtained by using the saponin mixture and sapogenol mixture [1-3]. Recently, the isolation of two saponins from commercial J3-escin using HPLC was reported and their MS data were analyzed on the basis of the previous structures [4, 5].In the course of our characterization studies on bioactive saponins and glycosides in medicinal herbs and foodstuffs, we have found that several saponin fractions showed inhibitory activity on the increase of serum glucose levels in glucose-loaded rats. Through bioassay-guided separation, we have isolated new active triterpene saponins and have determined their structures: elatosides AK (Aralia elata SEEM., Araliaceae), kochianosides I-IV, scoparianosides AC (Kochia scoparia SCHRAD., Chenopodiaceae), betavulgarosides IX (Beta vulgaris L., Chenopodiaceae), spinacosides Ill, IV, basellasaponins AD (Spinacia oleracea, Chenopodiaceae; Basella rubra L., Basellaceae), gymnemosides af (Gymnema sylvestre R. BR., Asclepiadaceae), camelliasaponins A1-C2 (Camellia japonica L., Theaceae), theasaponins El, E2, assamsaponins AI (Camellia sinensis L., Theaceae), E, Z-senegasaponins ac, Z-senegins II-IV (Polygala senega L. var. latifolia TORREY et GRAY, Polygalaceae), and escins la-VI, isoescins la, Ib, V (Aesculus hippocastanum L., A. turbinata BLUME., Hippocastanaceae). By examination of the structure requirement for the hypoglycemic activity in oral glucose-loaded rats, the active saponins could be classified into the following three types of structure: 1) 0Iean-12-en-28-oic acid 3-monodesmosides (e1atosides, kochianosides, scoparianosides, betavulgarosides), 2) acylated polyhydroxyolean-12-ene 3-monodesmosides (gymnemosides, camelliasaponins, theasaponins, assamsaponins, escins, isoescins), 3) 0Iean-12-ene 3, 28-acylated bisdesmosides (E, Z-senegasaponins, Z-senegins)[6-8]. These saponins were found to inhibit the transfer of glucose from the stomach to the small intestine [9-12], and the glucose transport at the small intestinal brush border [11, 12]. Furthermore, these saponins also showed accelerative activity on small intestinal transit [13], preventive effect on ileus [13], and protective effect on indomethacin-or ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesion [14, 15]. This article focuses our recent chemical and pharmacological studies on the triterpene saponin constituents, escins and isoescins, of horse chestnut seeds.
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影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Yoshikawa, M;Murakami, T;Kitagawa, I
通讯作者：
Kitagawa, I
Hisashi Matsuda、Yuhao Li、Toshiyuki Murakami、Kiyofumi Ninomiya、Johji Yamahara 和 Masayuki Yoshikawa：“七叶树（七叶树种子）中的七叶皂苷 Ia、Ib、IIa 和 IIb 对动物急性炎症的影响”Biol
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Hisashi Matsuda、Yuhao Li.、Toshiyuki Murakami、Narumi Matsumura、Johji Yamahara 和 Masayuki Yoshikawa：“天然药物的抗糖尿病原理。III.齐墩果酸苷对降血糖的结构相关抑制活性和作用模式
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影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Matsuda, H;Li, YH;Yoshikawa, M
通讯作者：
Yoshikawa, M
Hisashi Matsuda、Yuhao Li、Johji Yamahara 和 Masayuki Yoshikawa：“三萜皂苷、苦瓜苷 Ic 对小鼠胃排空的抑制：血糖、辣椒素敏感感觉神经和中枢神经系统的作用。”
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