Vestibular control of the head: possible functions of the vestibulocollic reflex.
Vestibular control of the head: possible functions of the vestibulocollic reflex.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00221-011-2611-5
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发表时间：
2011-05
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Cullen, Kathleen E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goldberg, Jay M.;Cullen, Kathleen E.
在这里，我们回顾角前庭结肠反射（VCR）的重点是它的功能在意外和自愿的头部运动。理论上，VCR可以(1)在身体运动时使头部在空间中保持稳定和/或(2)抑制由于头部欠阻尼力学而可能发生的头部振荡。当最简单的三突触VCR通路被切断时，反射似乎不受影响。VCR的功效因物种而异；在人类和猴子中，在偏航计划的低频身体运动中，头部稳定是无效的。虽然在半圆管功能衰减后出现头部振荡表明在阻尼中起作用，但前庭输入到其他下行运动通路（如凝视前运动回路）的缺陷使这种解释变得复杂。由于VCR应该反对头部运动，因此有人提出在自愿头部运动期间反射被抑制。与这一观点一致的是，仅前庭神经细胞（VO）可能是前庭神经细胞，对被动而非主动的头部旋转有强烈反应。虽然VO神经元投射到脊髓，但它们对VCR的贡献仍有待确定。在主动头部运动期间的VCR消除可以通过对主动运动相关的传入活动进行干扰复制信号来实现。主动运动时产生的振荡可以通过反射动作和考虑到头部生物力学的自主运动指令的某种组合来消除。在积极的头部运动期间，需要直接演示录像机的状态，以澄清反射的功能。
Here, we review the angular vestibulocollic reflex (VCR) focusing on its function during unexpected and voluntary head movements. Theoretically, the VCR could (1) stabilize the head in space during body movements and/or (2) dampen head oscillations that could occur as a result of the head’s underdamped mechanics. The reflex appears unaffected when the simplest, trisynaptic VCR pathways are severed. The VCR’s efficacy varies across species; in humans and monkeys, head stabilization is ineffective during low-frequency body movements in the yaw plan. While the appearance of head oscillations after the attenuation of semicircular canal function suggests a role in damping, this interpretation is complicated by defects in the vestibular input to other descending motor pathways such as gaze premotor circuits. Since the VCR should oppose head movements, it has been proposed that the reflex is suppressed during voluntary head motion. Consistent with this idea, vestibular-only (VO) neurons, which are possible vestibulocollic neurons, respond vigorously to passive, but not active, head rotations. Although VO neurons project to the spinal cord, their contribution to the VCR remains to be established. VCR cancelation during active head movements could be accomplished by an efference copy signal negating afferent activity related to active motion. Oscillations occurring during active motion could be eliminated by some combination of reflex actions and voluntary motor commands that take into account the head’s biomechanics. A direct demonstration of the status of the VCR during active head movements is required to clarify the function of the reflex.
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影响因子：
2
作者：
Freedman, Edward G.
通讯作者：
Freedman, Edward G.
DOI：
10.1001/archneurpsyc.1933.02240140009001
发表时间：
1933-08-01
影响因子：
--
作者：
de Nó, RL
通讯作者：
de Nó, RL
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Freedman, EG
通讯作者：
Freedman, EG
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Cullen, KE;Huterer, M;Sylvestre, PA
通讯作者：
Sylvestre, PA
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
DUTIA, MB;HUNTER, MJ
通讯作者：
HUNTER, MJ