Molecular recognition of antigen involves lattice formation between CD4, MHC class II and TCR molecules.

Molecular recognition of antigen involves lattice formation between CD4, MHC class II and TCR molecules.
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抗原的分子识别涉及 CD4、MHC II 类和 TCR 分子之间的晶格形成。

DOI:
10.1016/0167-5699(95)80081-6
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发表时间:
1995
期刊:
Immunology today
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Reinherz,EL
Reinherz,EL
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sakihama,T;Smolyar,A;Reinherz,EL

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最近的证据表明,只有在处于寡聚状态时,CD4才能稳定地与主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)H类结合:膜远端的CD4D1-D2模块直接与MHC II类分子相互作用,而膜近端的CD4D3-D4模块介导寡聚作用。这导致了对T细胞激活至关重要的聚集体的形成。T细胞受体(TCR)调节特定的交联,本身依赖于晶格的形成来触发T细胞的生理反应。在这里,Toshiko Sakihama,Alex Smolyar和Ellis Reinherz讨论了CD4-MHC类H聚集的分子本质,以及尽管每个组分的相互作用都是低亲和力的,分子基质是如何使T细胞识别变得极其特异和敏感的。最初在60%-70%的人外周血T细胞上发现了一种60 kDa的跨膜糖蛋白,具有细胞溶解T细胞生成和B细胞分化的辅助功能1,2。这些CD4+T细胞选择性地受到主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)II类分子3的限制。此外,由于抗CD4单抗(MAbs)阻止了所有细胞的激活和效应功能,这种分子在免疫反应中的重要作用是显而易见的。然而,鉴于CD4蛋白是非多态的,它不能对MHC限制负责,MHC限制是指单个T细胞在一个特定的多态MHC等位基因的背景下识别抗原的过程。CD4单拷贝基因的分子克隆证实了这种缺乏多态性,并预测了一种类似免疫球蛋白(Ig)的结构,包括四个串联的胞外区S。随后的转基因研究在细胞黏附试验中确定了CD4与多个不同的MHC II类分子之间的直接相互作用,表明CD 4与MHC II类分子的相互作用必须通过与后6、7上的非多态位点结合而发生。
Recent evidence indicates that CD4 stably binds to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class H only after assuming an oligomeric state: the membrane-distal CD4 D1-D2 module interacts directly with MHC class II, whereas the membrane-proximal CD4 D3-D4 module mediates oligomerization. This results in the formation of aggregates critical for T-cell activation. The T-cell receptor (TCR) regulates specific crosslinking and is itself dependent on lattice formation to trigger physiological T-cell responses. Here, Toshiko Sakihama, Alex Smolyar and Ellis Reinherz discuss the molecular nature of CD4-MHC class H clustering and how, despite each of the component interactions being of low affinity, the molecular matrix renders T-cell recognition extremely specific and sensitive.CD4 was originally identified as a 60kDa transmembrane glycoprotein on the 60-70% of human peripheral blood T cells endowed with helper function for both cytolytic T-cell generation and B-cell differentiation 1, 2. These CD4+ T cells were selectively restricted by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules 3. Moreover, because anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) blocked all cellular activation and effector functions, an important role for the molecule in the immune response was evident. However, given that the CD4 protein was nonpolymorphic 4, it could not be responsible for MHC restriction, the process whereby an individual T cell recognizes antigen in the context of one specific polymorphic MHC allele. Molecular cloning of CD4 as a single-copy gene confirmed this lack of polymorphism and predicted an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like structure comprising four tandem extracellular domains s. Subsequent transfection studies defined a direct interaction between CD4 and multiple distinct MHC class II molecules in cell-adhesion assays, showing that the CD4-MHC class II interaction must occur via binding to a nonpolymorphic site on the latter 6, 7.
不同抗原和主要组织相容性复合体特异性的 T 细胞克隆的 T4 分子的结构差异
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