Neural bases of hand synergies.

Neural bases of hand synergies.
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DOI:
10.3389/fncom.2013.00023
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Jörntell H
Jörntell H
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Santello M;Baud-Bovy G;Jörntell H

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人类的手有如此多的自由度,似乎不可能控制。这个问题的一个潜在的解决方案是“协同控制”,它结合了降维与极大的灵活性。由于适用于广泛的任务,这已经成为一个非常流行的概念。在这篇综述中,我们描述了现代概念的演变,在人手控制,皮质和脊髓神经元的神经生理学,和肌电图(EMG)的手肌肉活动的运动学和力的协同作用的研究。我们超越了往往纯粹的描述性使用的协同作用,通过审查组织的基础神经元电路,以提出各种观察到的协同现象的机械解释。最后,我们提出了一个理论框架,以调和重要的和仍然有争议的概念,如“固定”与“灵活”的协同作用和机制相结合的手控制的协同作用的定义。
The human hand has so many degrees of freedom that it may seem impossible to control. A potential solution to this problem is “synergy control” which combines dimensionality reduction with great flexibility. With applicability to a wide range of tasks, this has become a very popular concept. In this review, we describe the evolution of the modern concept using studies of kinematic and force synergies in human hand control, neurophysiology of cortical and spinal neurons, and electromyographic (EMG) activity of hand muscles. We go beyond the often purely descriptive usage of synergy by reviewing the organization of the underlying neuronal circuitry in order to propose mechanistic explanations for various observed synergy phenomena. Finally, we propose a theoretical framework to reconcile important and still debated concepts such as the definitions of “fixed” vs. “flexible” synergies and mechanisms underlying the combination of synergies for hand control.
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