Anaphylactic reactions to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: A call for further study.
Anaphylactic reactions to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: A call for further study.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.073
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发表时间：
2021-05-06
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Anastassopoulou C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hatziantoniou S;Maltezou HC;Tsakris A;Poland GA;Anastassopoulou C
自严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)出现以来仅一年多一点的时间里，就有几种高效疫苗可用。SARS-CoV-2是冠状病毒病2019年的病原体(新冠肺炎)。新冠肺炎在全球夺走了200多万人的生命，在美国夺走了450,000多人的生命。两种主要的疫苗带来了结束大流行破坏性影响的希望，它们是基于信使RNA(MRNA)的疫苗，这是一种新型疫苗平台，已获得美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)和欧洲药品管理局(EMA)的紧急使用授权。为了克服在生理条件下信使RNA分子固有的不稳定性，首先对信使RNA进行修饰，然后将其包裹在脂质纳米粒(LNPs)中，有效地将信使RNA传递到注射部位和引流淋巴结的细胞中，以便宿主蛋白质合成机制将其转化为病毒蛋白[1]、[2]、[3]。将含有N1-甲基假尿苷而不是尿苷的mRNA放在两个非翻译区(UTRs)之间可以保护它免受降解，而它的聚腺苷酸化，或在3‘端加入单磷酸腺苷，进一步稳定了分子；在5’端，增加了一个三核苷酸帽1类似物((m 27，3‘-O)Gppp(m 2’-O)APG)作为识别信号，有效地结合了翻译mRNA的宿主细胞核糖体[4]。SARS-CoV-2的膜结合刺突蛋白主要由树突状细胞和被膜下巨噬细胞瞬时表达，然后被免疫细胞识别为外来抗原，引发T细胞和B细胞反应产生中和抗体，这些抗体被认为有助于预防新冠肺炎[4]。
Several highly effective vaccines are available just over a year since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 has claimed more than two million lives globally and over 450,000 in the United States. Two of the leading vaccines, which have provided hope that an end to the devastating effects of the pandemic may be in sight, are messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines, a novel vaccine platform that has received authorization for emergency use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA).To overcome the inherent instability of the mRNA molecule under physiological conditions, mRNA is first modified and then encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that effectively deliver the mRNA into cells at the injection site and the draining lymph nodes for translation into viral protein by the host protein synthesis machinery [1],[2],[3]. Placing the mRNA, which contains N 1-methylpseudouridine instead of uridine, between two untranslated regions (UTRs) protects it from degradation, and its polyadenylation, or the addition of adenosine monophosphates, at the 3′ end, further stabilizes the molecule; at the 5′ end, the addition of a trinucleotide cap 1 analog ((m 2 7, 3′-O) Gppp (m 2′-O) ApG) serves as a recognition signal for the efficient binding of host cellular ribosomes that translate the mRNA [4]. The transiently expressed, mainly by dendritic cells and subcapsular sinus macrophages, membrane-bound spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is then recognized by immune cells as a foreign antigen, eliciting both T-cell and B-cell responses to generate neutralizing antibodies, which are thought to contribute to protection against COVID-19 [4].
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.2021.1967
发表时间：
2021-03-16
期刊：
JAMA
影响因子：
--
作者：
Shimabukuro TT;Cole M;Su JR
通讯作者：
Su JR
DOI：
10.1038/mtna.2014.61
发表时间：
2014-11-18
期刊：
Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Wylon, Katharina;Doelle, Sabine;Worm, Margitta
通讯作者：
Worm, Margitta
DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.mm7002e1
发表时间：
2021-01-15
期刊：
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
影响因子：
--
作者：
CDC COVID-19 Response Team;Food and Drug Administration
通讯作者：
Food and Drug Administration
影响因子：
0.7
作者：
Gachoka D
通讯作者：
Gachoka D