A trade-off between primary and secondary seed dispersal by wind
A trade-off between primary and secondary seed dispersal by wind
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风传播初级和次级种子之间的权衡
DOI：
10.1007/s11258-019-00934-z
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发表时间：
2019-05
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Frank M. Schurr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jinlei Zhu;Minghu Liu;Zhiming Xin;Zhimin Liu;Frank M. Schurr
大多数植物物种的种子是通过多种机制传播的。功能性状是否介导了不同扩散机制之间的正相关或负相关（权衡），对生态和进化动力学具有重要影响。我们研究了性状如何影响风驱动种子在空气和地面上的传播（分别是初级和次级风传播）。我们假设一次风传播和二次风传播是正相关的，因为它们都应该随着种子的翅膀负荷而减少。通过风洞实验，我们对不同种子形态的杂果型叶黄杉（zygophyllum xanthoxylon, heterocarpous）和calligonumspecies进行了验证。我们测量了不同风速和释放高度下种子的初次传播距离，并量化了种子在四个地面上运动的二次传播势作为阈值风速。与我们的预期相反，我们发现主要和次要风扩散之间存在依赖于环境的权衡。地面越光滑，这种权衡就越强。机翼载荷与种子垂直/水平投影比（v/h-ratio）呈正相关关系：增大的v/h-ratio不仅通过增加种子的风拦截来促进种子在光滑表面上的二次传播，而且通过增大机翼载荷和种子的终端速度来减小种子的一次传播距离。这种权衡与普遍认为的初级和次级扩散呈正相关的假设相矛盾。因此，不可能将种子简单地分为分散程度差和分散程度好的两类。这种权衡可能会影响演替的动态和先锋植被的扩展，同时可能会减缓对种子传播选择的进化反应。
The seeds of most plant species are dispersed by multiple mechanisms. Whether functional traits mediate positive correlations or negative correlations (trade-offs) between different dispersal mechanisms has important consequences for ecological and evolutionary dynamics. We investigate how traits affect wind-driven seed dispersal through the air and across the ground (primary and secondary wind dispersal, respectively). We hypothesized that primary and secondary wind dispersal were positively correlated because they should both decrease with the wing loading of seeds. We test this hypothesis with wind-tunnel experiments using different seed morphologies ofZygophyllum xanthoxylon(heterocarpous) andCalligonumspecies. We measured primary dispersal distance at varying wind speeds and release heights, and quantified secondary dispersal potential as the threshold wind speed for seed movement on four ground surfaces. Contrary to our expectation, we found a context-dependent trade-off between primary and secondary wind dispersal. The smoother the ground surface, the stronger this trade-off becomes. The trade-off results from a positive relationship between wing loading and the ratio of vertical to horizontal seed projection (v/h-ratio): an increasingv/h-ratio not only promotes secondary dispersal on smooth surfaces by increasing wind interception of seeds, but also decreases primary dispersal distance by increasing wing loading and terminal velocity of seeds. The trade-off contradicts the widespread assumption of a positive correlation between primary and secondary dispersal. A simple classification into poorly and well-dispersed seeds is thus not possible. The trade-off may affect dynamics of succession and the expansion of pioneer vegetation, while potentially slowing down evolutionary responses to selection on seed dispersal.
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DOI：
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608898.003.0014
发表时间：
2012-09
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
Rafael Rubio de Casas;C. G. Willis;K. Donohue
通讯作者：
Rafael Rubio de Casas;C. G. Willis;K. Donohue
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
LANDE, R;ARNOLD, SJ
通讯作者：
ARNOLD, SJ
影响因子：
3
作者：
ANDERSEN, MC
通讯作者：
ANDERSEN, MC
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
GREENE, DF;JOHNSON, EA
通讯作者：
JOHNSON, EA
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
B. F. V. Tooren;B. F. V. Tooren
通讯作者：
B. F. V. Tooren;B. F. V. Tooren