Role of air pollutants in airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in asthma and COPD.
Role of air pollutants in airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in asthma and COPD.
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DOI：
10.1183/16000617.0112-2021
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发表时间：
2022-03-31
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长期暴露于环境污染物是阻塞性气道疾病（包括哮喘和COPD）发生和发展的主要因素。了解阻塞性肺疾病暴露于吸入性污染物后的发展机制，将导致对这些疾病的发病机制，预防和治疗的新见解。呼吸道上皮衬里形成了一个强大的物理化学屏障，保护身体免受吸入的有毒颗粒和病原体的侵害。吸入空气中的颗粒和气体可能损害气道上皮屏障功能，随后导致过度的炎症反应和气道重塑，这是哮喘和COPD的关键特征。此外，空气污染物诱导的气道上皮屏障功能障碍可能会增加对呼吸道感染的易感性，从而增加病情加重的风险，从而引发进一步的炎症。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了主要空气污染物引起的物理屏障破坏的分子和免疫机制，并概述了它们在哮喘和COPD发病机制中的意义。我们进一步讨论了这些污染物与肺部微生物组变化之间的联系，作为加重气道疾病的潜在因素。了解这些机制可能会导致识别新的治疗干预目标，以恢复哮喘和COPD气道上皮的完整性。暴露于空气污染通过几种机制诱导气道上皮屏障功能障碍，包括增加氧化应激、夸大的细胞因子反应和受损的宿主防御，这有助于哮喘和COPD的发展。https://bit.ly/3DHL1CA
Chronic exposure to environmental pollutants is a major contributor to the development and progression of obstructive airway diseases, including asthma and COPD. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of obstructive lung diseases upon exposure to inhaled pollutants will lead to novel insights into the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of these diseases. The respiratory epithelial lining forms a robust physicochemical barrier protecting the body from inhaled toxic particles and pathogens. Inhalation of airborne particles and gases may impair airway epithelial barrier function and subsequently lead to exaggerated inflammatory responses and airway remodelling, which are key features of asthma and COPD. In addition, air pollutant-induced airway epithelial barrier dysfunction may increase susceptibility to respiratory infections, thereby increasing the risk of exacerbations and thus triggering further inflammation. In this review, we discuss the molecular and immunological mechanisms involved in physical barrier disruption induced by major airborne pollutants and outline their implications in the pathogenesis of asthma and COPD. We further discuss the link between these pollutants and changes in the lung microbiome as a potential factor for aggravating airway diseases. Understanding these mechanisms may lead to identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention to restore airway epithelial integrity in asthma and COPD. Exposure to air pollution induces airway epithelial barrier dysfunction through several mechanisms including increased oxidative stress, exaggerated cytokine responses and impaired host defence, which contributes to development of asthma and COPD. https://bit.ly/3DHL1CA
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