A neural network model of individual differences in task switching abilities.
A neural network model of individual differences in task switching abilities.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.04.014
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发表时间：
2014-09
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Friedman, Naomi P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herd, Seth A.;O'Reilly, Randall C.;Hazy, Tom E.;Chatham, Christopher H.;Brant, Angela M.;Friedman, Naomi P.
我们使用一个生物接地的神经网络模型来调查的大脑机制的个体差异的选择和实例化的表示，发挥认知控制任务切换。现有的任务转换计算模型没有关注个体差异，因此无法解释为什么任务转换能力与其他执行功能（EF）能力（如反应抑制）是分离的。我们探讨的神经机制的基础上提出的统一性/多样性模型和相关的理论框架中的类似组件的EF的“移位特定”和“共同EF”组件的假设。我们这样做是通过适应一个发达的神经网络模型的工作记忆（前额叶皮层，基底神经节工作记忆或PBWM）的任务切换和Stroop任务，并比较其行为下的各种个体差异操纵这些任务。结果与假设一致，即任务转换的特异性变化（即，移位特定的）可能与目标表示的不受控制的、自动的持续性有关，而变化一般针对多个EF（即，共同EF）可能与PFC表征的强度及其对认知系统其余部分加工的影响有关。此外，增加PFC的信噪比，理论上与紧张性多巴胺水平和COMT基因的遗传多态性有关，减少了Stroop干扰，但增加了转换成本。这种稳定性-灵活性的权衡解释了为什么这两个EF成分有时与其他变量（如注意力问题和自我约束）表现出相反的相关性。
We use a biologically grounded neural network model to investigate the brain mechanisms underlying individual differences specific to the selection and instantiation of representations that exert cognitive control in task switching. Existing computational models of task switching do not focus on individual differences and so cannot explain why task switching abilities are separable from other executive function (EF) abilities (such as response inhibition). We explore hypotheses regarding neural mechanisms underlying the “Shifting-Specific” and “Common EF” components of EF proposed in the Unity/Diversity model and similar components in related theoretical frameworks. We do so by adapting a well-developed neural network model of working memory (Prefrontal cortex, Basal ganglia Working Memory or PBWM) to task switching and the Stroop task, and comparing its behavior on those tasks under a variety of individual difference manipulations. Results are consistent with the hypotheses that variation specific to task switching (i.e., Shifting-Specific) may be related to uncontrolled, automatic persistence of goal representations, whereas variation general to multiple EFs (i.e., Common EF) may be related to the strength of PFC representations and their effect on processing in the remainder of the cognitive system. Moreover, increasing signal to noise ratio in PFC, theoretically tied to levels of tonic dopamine and a genetic polymorphism in the COMT gene, reduced Stroop interference but increased switch costs. This stability-flexibility tradeoff provides an explanation for why these two EF components sometimes show opposing correlations with other variables such as attention problems and self-restraint.
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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