Infants' perception of chasing.
Infants' perception of chasing.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2012.10.001
复制
发表时间：
2013-02
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Johnson SP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frankenhuis WE;House B;Barrett HC;Johnson SP
认知与发展科学中的两个重要问题是：第一，物体和事件是基于其特征（特征性加工）还是特征的组合（组合性加工）而被选择关注；第二，这些加工模式是如何发展的。这些问题在一定程度上通过专注于婴儿对面孔、人体形状以及个体行为主体的生物运动的感知实验得到了解决。在此，我们研究4个月和10个月大的婴儿（N = 192）对社会运动，特别是对追逐——一种普遍存在、古老且与适应性相关的互动模式的关注。我们制作了具有三个特性的计算机生成的追逐动画：加速、高转弯率和吸引力（“热追踪”）。在第一个实验中，我们将追逐与无生命的、类似台球运动的对照展示并列呈现。婴儿强烈倾向于关注追逐。在接下来的三项研究中，我们通过将每个特性（加速、转弯和吸引力）的展示与对照展示并列呈现，依次系统地研究了每个特性的影响。婴儿优先关注加速和吸引力，但不关注转弯。如果婴儿因追逐的组合特性而偏好它，那么单个特性的效应量之和应该小于它们的综合效应。但我们发现的并非如此：相反，在视觉行为的三个测量指标上，单个特性的效应总和等于（或超过）追逐的效应。此外，尽管吸引力很少引起关注，转弯根本没有引起关注，但加速吸引的注意力（几乎）与追逐一样多。因此，我们的结果提供了证据，表明婴儿因追逐的特征而非其组合特性而偏好它。
Two significant questions in cognitive and developmental science are first, whether objects and events are selected for attention based on their features (featural processing) or the configuration of their features (configural processing), and second, how these modes of processing develop. These questions have been addressed in part with experiments focused on infants’ perception of faces, human body shapes, and biological motion of individual agents. Here, we investigate 4- and 10-month-old infants’ (N = 192) attention to social motions, specifically to chasing—a ubiquitous, ancient, and fitness-relevant mode of interaction. We constructed computer-generated animations of chasing that had three properties: acceleration, high turning rates, and attraction (“heat-seeking”). In the first experiment we showed chasing side-by-side with a control display of inanimate, billiard-ball-like motions. Infants strongly preferred attending to chasing. In the next three studies, we systematically investigated the effect of each property in turn (acceleration, turning, and attraction) by showing a display of that property side-by-side with the control display. Infants preferentially attended to acceleration, and to attraction, but not to turning. If infants preferred chasing for its configuration, then the sum of the effect sizes of individual properties should be smaller than their combined effects. That is not what we found: instead, on three measures of visual behavior, the summed effects of individual properties equaled (or exceeded) that of chasing. Moreover, although attraction drew little attention and turning no attention at all, acceleration drew (nearly) as much attention as chasing. Our results thus provide evidence that infants preferred chasing because of its features, not its configuration.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
HUMPHRIE.DA;DRIVER, PM
通讯作者：
DRIVER, PM
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
FOX, R;MCDANIEL, C
通讯作者：
MCDANIEL, C
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Csibra, G;Bíró, S;Gergely, G
通讯作者：
Gergely, G
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Jackson, Iain;Sirois, Sylvain
通讯作者：
Sirois, Sylvain
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Heider, F;Simmel, M
通讯作者：
Simmel, M