Biological and environmental hazards associated with exposure to chemical warfare agents: arsenicals.
Biological and environmental hazards associated with exposure to chemical warfare agents: arsenicals.
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DOI：
10.1111/nyas.13214
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发表时间：
2016-08
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Athar M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li C;Srivastava RK;Athar M
砷是砷的高反应性无机和有机衍生物。这些化学物质毒性很大，会造成急性和慢性组织损伤。基于这些观察，并考虑到其批量合成的低成本和简单方法，这些试剂被认为适合化学战。其中，最著名的在第一次世界大战 (WWI) 期间合成和武器化的药剂是路易斯安特 (Lewisite)。接触路易氏剂会导致皮肤、肺部和眼睛出现疼痛性炎症和起泡反应。这些化学物质在皮肤接触后还会表现出全身组织损伤。尽管在第一次世界大战后大部分已停产，但其库存仍存在于前苏联、德国、意大利、美国和亚洲。因此，恐怖分子进入或意外暴露它们可能对人类和环境造成高度危险。本综述总结了描述接触砷的生物学、病理生理学、毒理学和环境影响的研究，重点关注皮肤损伤。还描述了与开发针对这些药物的新型分子病理学解毒剂相关的研究。
Arsenicals are highly reactive inorganic and organic derivatives of arsenic. These chemicals are very toxic and produce both acute and chronic tissue damage. Based on these observations, and considering the low cost and simple methods of their bulk syntheses, these agents were thought to be appropriate for chemical warfare. Among these, the most known agent synthesized and weaponized during World War I (WWI) is Lewisite. Exposure to Lewisite causes painful inflammatory and blistering responses in the skin, lung, and eye. These chemicals also manifest systemic tissue injury following their cutaneous exposure. Although largely discontinued after WWI, their stockpiles are still known to exist in the former Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, the United States, and Asia. Thus, their access by terrorists or accidental exposure could be highly dangerous for humans and the environment. This review summarizes studies which describe the biological, pathophysiological, toxicological, and environmental effects of exposure to arsenicals, with a major focus on cutaneous injury. Studies related to the development of novel molecular pathobiology–based antidotes against these agents are also described.
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影响因子：
158.5
作者：
HEYMAN, A;PFEIFFER, JB;TAYLOR, HM
通讯作者：
TAYLOR, HM
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
BOYD, VL;HARBELL, JW;MCGOWN, EL
通讯作者：
MCGOWN, EL
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Bismuth, C;Borron, SW;Barriot, P
通讯作者：
Barriot, P
影响因子：
4
作者：
Henriksson, J;Johannisson, A;Norrgren, L
通讯作者：
Norrgren, L
DOI：
10.1080/009841097159610
发表时间：
1997-11-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
影响因子：
--
作者：
Apostoli, P;Alessio, L;Leone, R
通讯作者：
Leone, R