Joint care can outweigh costs of nonkin competition in communal breeders.
Joint care can outweigh costs of nonkin competition in communal breeders.
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DOI：
10.1093/beheco/arx137
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发表时间：
2018-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Richardson DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bebbington K;Fairfield EA;Spurgin LG;Kingma SA;Dugdale H;Komdeur J;Richardson DS
在公共巢中与其他父母的雏鸟一起抚养雏鸟的父母可以通过提供更多的食物来减少后代之间代价高昂的竞争。在塞舌尔莺中，我们发现与兄弟姐妹一起饲养的雏鸟比单独饲养的雏鸟质量和存活率较低，而与非兄弟姐妹一起饲养的雏鸟则不会遭受这些成本。我们的研究结果表明，增加食物供应可以减少非兄弟姐妹之间的竞争，并促进共同筑巢的进化。后代之间的竞争可以极大地影响后代的健康和亲代的投资决策，特别是在公共饲养者中，不相关的竞争者不太愿意让出资源。考虑到冲突升级的可能性，目前尚不清楚是什么机制促进了无关雌性之间群体繁殖的进化。解决这个问题需要同时考虑非公共托儿所和公共托儿所的后代，但缺乏这种比较。在塞舌尔莺 Acrocephalus sechellensis 中，我们将来自公共巢（2 个母亲）和非公共巢（1 个母亲）的雏鸟与单巢雏鸟进行了比较。我们的结果表明，提高供给率可以作为一种机制来减轻非亲属之间后代竞争的成本。由于拥有 2 个雌性父母，公共群体的供给增加，减轻了非亲属之间后代竞争成本的升高：公共群体和单身群体的人均供给和生存率相等，但非公共群体的人均供给和生存率较低。在非公共巢中，个体后代成本也更加不同，这可能是因为资源限制加剧了雏鸟之间竞争能力的差异。通常认为，非亲缘关系中的后代竞争成本会更高，因为后代不会受到亲缘选择的驱使而将资源让给竞争对手。我们的研究结果是相关的，需要进一步证实，但可能通过提供一种机制来帮助解释公共育种的进化维持，通过该机制公共育种者可以避免这些成本。
Parents who raise their nestling in a communal nest alongside the nestling of other parents can reduce costly competition between offspring by providing more food. In the Seychelles warbler, we show that nestlings raised with a sibling have lower mass and survival than those raised alone, whereas nestlings raised with a nonsibling do not suffer these costs. Our results suggest that increased food provisioning can reduce competition among nonsiblings and facilitate the evolution of joint-nesting. Competition between offspring can greatly influence offspring fitness and parental investment decisions, especially in communal breeders where unrelated competitors have less incentive to concede resources. Given the potential for escalated conflict, it remains unclear what mechanisms facilitate the evolution of communal breeding among unrelated females. Resolving this question requires simultaneous consideration of offspring in noncommunal and communal nurseries, but such comparisons are missing. In the Seychelles warbler Acrocephalus sechellensis, we compare nestling pairs from communal nests (2 mothers) and noncommunal nests (1 mother) with singleton nestlings. Our results indicate that increased provisioning rate can act as a mechanism to mitigate the costs of offspring rivalry among nonkin. Increased provisioning in communal broods, as a consequence of having 2 female parents, mitigates any elevated costs of offspring rivalry among nonkin: per-capita provisioning and survival was equal in communal broods and singletons, but lower in noncommunal broods. Individual offspring costs were also more divergent in noncommunal broods, likely because resource limitation exacerbates differences in competitive ability between nestlings. It is typically assumed that offspring rivalry among nonkin will be more costly because offspring are not driven by kin selection to concede resources to their competitors. Our findings are correlational and require further corroboration, but may help explain the evolutionary maintenance of communal breeding by providing a mechanism by which communal breeders can avoid these costs.
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影响因子：
2.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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