Albino Leaf 2 is involved in the splicing of chloroplast group I and II introns in rice.
Albino Leaf 2 is involved in the splicing of chloroplast group I and II introns in rice.
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DOI：
10.1093/jxb/erw296
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发表时间：
2016-10
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Zhang Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu C;Zhu H;Xing Y;Tan J;Chen X;Zhang J;Peng H;Xie Q;Zhang Z
Albino Leaf 2 (AL2) 基因参与叶绿体 I 组和 II 组内含子的剪接，并负责水稻叶绿体的发育。叶绿体通过操纵光合作用以及激素和代谢物的产生在植物生长和发育中发挥重要作用。尽管许多参与叶绿体生物发生和发育的基因或调节因子已被分离和表征，但仍然缺乏新成分的鉴定。我们通过基因筛选分离出一种水稻 (Oryza sativa) 突变体，称为白化叶 2 (al2)。表型分析显示，al2突变导致发育早期出现明显的白化叶片，最终导致al2幼苗死亡。电子显微镜研究表明，al2突变体的叶绿体结构在早期发育阶段被破坏，随后导致整个叶绿体的破坏。分子克隆表明，AL2在水稻中编码叶绿体IIA族内含子剪接促进子（CRS1），并通过遗传互补实验得到证实。此外，我们的结果表明 AL2 在各种组织中组成型表达，包括绿色和非绿色组织。有趣的是，我们发现，与野生型相比，al2突变体中含有IIA和IIB组内含子的叶绿体基因子集的表达水平显着降低，这表明AL2是水稻中的功能性CRS1。与玉米和拟南芥中仅调节叶绿体II类内含子剪接的直系同源CRS1不同，我们的结果表明AL2基因也可能参与叶绿体I类内含子的剪接。他们还表明，AL2 的破坏会导致叶绿体相关基因的表达发生改变，包括叶绿素生物合成基因、质体编码的聚合酶和核编码的叶绿体基因。总而言之，这些发现为水稻核编码叶绿体 I 组和 II 组内含子剪接因子的功能提供了新的线索。
The Albino Leaf 2 (AL2) gene is involved in the splicing of chloroplast group I and II introns and is responsible for chloroplast development in rice. Chloroplasts play an essential role in plant growth and development through manipulating photosynthesis and the production of hormones and metabolites. Although many genes or regulators involved in chloroplast biogenesis and development have been isolated and characterized, identification of novel components is still lacking. We isolated a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant, termed albino leaf 2 (al2), using genetic screening. Phenotypic analysis revealed that the al2 mutation caused obvious albino leaves at the early developmental stage, eventually leading to al2 seedling death. Electron microscopy investigations indicated that the chloroplast structure was disrupted in the al2 mutants at an early developmental stage and subsequently resulted in the breakdown of the entire chloroplast. Molecular cloning illustrated that AL2 encodes a chloroplast group IIA intron splicing facilitator (CRS1) in rice, which was confirmed by a genetic complementation experiment. Moreover, our results demonstrated that AL2 was constitutively expressed in various tissues, including green and non-green tissues. Interestingly, we found that the expression levels of a subset of chloroplast genes that contain group IIA and IIB introns were significantly reduced in the al2 mutant compared to that in the wild type, suggesting that AL2 is a functional CRS1 in rice. Differing from the orthologous CRS1 in maize and Arabidopsis that only regulates splicing of the chloroplast group II intron, our results demonstrated that the AL2 gene is also likely to be involved in the splicing of the chloroplast group I intron. They also showed that disruption of AL2 results in the altered expression of chloroplast-associated genes, including chlorophyll biosynthetic genes, plastid-encoded polymerases and nuclear-encoded chloroplast genes. Taken together, these findings shed new light on the function of nuclear-encoded chloroplast group I and II intron splicing factors in rice.
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