Plasmons in One and Two Dimensions
Plasmons in One and Two Dimensions
复制标题
一维和二维的等离子体激元
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-46906-1_19
复制
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Tegenkamp
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Pfnür;L. Vattuone;C. Tegenkamp
本章将概述低维等离子体激元的性质，特别讨论典型的例子。我们将从二维片状等离子体激元开始（19.1节），集中讨论最近研究最广泛的系统石墨烯的等离子体激元性质。将进一步强调耦合到其他电子气体的低维等离子体激元，这导致线性化的形式的声学表面等离子体激元，但也交叉的维度，取决于等离子体激元波长。最后，我们转向准一维系统及其相应的等离子体激元，并试图在最后解决宽的损失峰，但仍然相当大的等离子体激元寿命的难题。等离子体激元在低维系统中的一个重要的工具耦合到纳米结构的能量和本地化的规模只有几个纳米。与金属块体材料的普通表面等离子体相反，低维等离子体的色散在长波长极限下为零，因此覆盖了从太赫兹到近红外的广泛能量范围，以及从介观波长到几纳米的波长。使用特定的，特征的例子，我们首先审查的等离子体激元在二维（2-D）金属层的性质从实验的角度来看。正如所证明的那样，通过改变部分填充的2-D导带中的载流子浓度来调节它们的色散是可能的，但是对于相对论电子气，例如石墨烯，仅在长波长极限中。另一方面，对于短波长，色散与费米能级相对于狄拉克点的位置无关。线性色散，在后一种条件下在石墨烯中看到的，也可以通过2-D和3-D（三维）电子系统之间的耦合在非相对论性电子气体中获得。作为一个很好的调查的例子，我们讨论了声表面等离子体在肖克利表面态，与体电子系统相耦合。而且，各向异性的引入，通过阶梯的规则阵列，似乎导致线性化（并且取决于波长，导致垂直于阶梯的等离子体激元的部分局部化）。在准一维（1-D）系统中，例如在规则台阶Si表面上的金链阵列，只有色散是1-D的，而色散曲线的形状和斜率取决于每个台阶内的电荷的2-D分布和不同台阶上的线之间的耦合。换句话说，限制准一维势的形式直接进入一维等离子体激元色散，并提供了新的调谐机会。
This chapter will provide an overview of the properties of low-dimensional plasmons, discussing particularly characteristic examples. We will start with two-dimensional sheet plasmons (Sect. 19.1), concentrating on the plasmonic properties of the system most widely investigated in the recent past, graphene. Further emphasis will be given to low-dimensional plasmons coupled to other electron gases, which leads to linearization in the form of acoustic surface plasmons, but also to crossover of dimensionality, depending on plasmonic wavelengths. Finally we turn to quasi-one-dimensional systems and their corresponding plasmons, and try at the end to solve the puzzle of broad loss peaks but still fairly large plasmonic lifetimes.Plasmons in low-dimensional systems represent an important tool for coupling energy into nanostructures and the localization of energy on the scale of only a few nanometers. Contrary to ordinary surface plasmons of metallic bulk materials, the dispersion of low-dimensional plasmons goes to zero in the long wavelength limit, thus covering a broad range of energies from terahertz to near-infrared, and from mesoscopic wavelengths down to those of just a few nanometers. Using specific, characteristic examples, we first review the properties of plasmons in two-dimensional (2-D) metallic layers from an experimental point of view. As demonstrated, tuning of their dispersion is possible by changes in charge carrier concentration in the partially filled 2-D conduction bands, but for a relativistic electron gas such as in graphene, only in the long wavelength limit. For short wavelengths, on the other hand, the dispersion turns out to be independent of the position of the Fermi level with respect to the Dirac point. A linear dispersion, seen under the latter conditions in graphene, can also be obtained in nonrelativistic electron gases by coupling between 2-D and 3-D (three-dimensional) electronic systems. As a well-investigated example, we discuss the acoustic surface plasmons in Shockley surface states, coupled with the bulk electronic system. Also, the introduction of anisotropy, e. g., by regular arrays of steps, seems to result in linearization (and to partial localization of the plasmons normal to the steps, depending on wavelengths). In quasi-one-dimensional (1-D) systems, such as arrays of gold chains on regularly stepped Si surfaces, only the dispersion is 1-D, whereas the shape and slope of the dispersion curves are dependent on the 2-D distribution of charge within each terrace and on coupling between wires on different terraces. In other words, the form of the confining quasi-1-D potential enters directly into the 1-D plasmon dispersion and offers new opportunities for tuning.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.1103/physrevb.41.10268
发表时间：
1990-05
期刊：
Physical review. B, Condensed matter
影响因子：
--
作者：
Li;Das Sarma S
通讯作者：
Li;Das Sarma S
粗糙 Cu(111) 表面的高分辨率光电研究：缺陷散射和无序相关的移相过程的影响
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
F. Theilmann;R. Matzdorf;A. Goldmann
通讯作者：
A. Goldmann
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
V. Silkin;Aran Garcia-Lekue;J. M. Pitarke;E. Chulkov;E. Zaremba;P. Echenique
通讯作者：
V. Silkin;Aran Garcia-Lekue;J. M. Pitarke;E. Chulkov;E. Zaremba;P. Echenique
通过 Ag-3 ?> 有序原子线中的 Ag 掺杂来调节一维等离子体激元
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
U Krieg;Yu Zhang;C Tegenkamp;H Pfnür
通讯作者：
H Pfnür
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Koch, R. J.;Seyller, Th.;Schaefer, J. A.
通讯作者：
Schaefer, J. A.