Landscape-level toxicant exposure mediates infection impacts on wildlife populations
Landscape-level toxicant exposure mediates infection impacts on wildlife populations
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景观水平毒物暴露介导对野生动物种群的感染影响
DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2020.0559
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Hall, Richard J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sánchez, Cecilia A.;Altizer, Sonia;Hall, Richard J.
城市化等人为的景观改变会使野生动物暴露于有毒物质，对行为和健康产生深远的影响。接触有毒物质可以通过减少生存或改变免疫防御来改变野生动物疾病在当地的传播。然而，预测病原体对野生动物的影响是复杂的，因为在整个景观中有毒物质暴露的异质性，特别是如果有毒物质改变野生动物从有毒物质污染的栖息地到未污染的栖息地的运动。随着越来越多的景观被毒物污染，我们开发了一个机制模型来探索毒物对宿主健康和运动倾向的影响如何影响范围内的病原体传播和人畜共患病暴露风险。当被毒物污染的栖息地在景观上稀缺时，暴露于毒物的移动和生存成本可以将受感染的动物困在受污染的栖息地中，并减少景观层面的传播。由于毒物和感染的共同作用，受污染栖息地比例的增加导致宿主种群数量下降。宿主数量下降的开始先于受污染生境中受感染宿主密度的增加，因此可作为城市化景观中人畜共患病溢出可能性增加的早期预警。这些结果强调了毒物的亚致死效应如何决定病原体对野生动物种群的影响，这种影响可能在景观污染广泛传播之前不会显现出来。
Anthropogenic landscape modification such as urbanization can expose wildlife to toxicants, with profound behavioural and health effects. Toxicant exposure can alter the local transmission of wildlife diseases by reducing survival or altering immune defence. However, predicting the impacts of pathogens on wildlife across their ranges is complicated by heterogeneity in toxicant exposure across the landscape, especially if toxicants alter wildlife movement from toxicant-contaminated to uncontaminated habitats. We developed a mechanistic model to explore how toxicant effects on host health and movement propensity influence range-wide pathogen transmission, and zoonotic exposure risk, as an increasing fraction of the landscape is toxicant-contaminated. When toxicant-contaminated habitat is scarce on the landscape, costs to movement and survival from toxicant exposure can trap infected animals in contaminated habitat and reduce landscape-level transmission. Increasing the proportion of contaminated habitat causes host population declines from combined effects of toxicants and infection. The onset of host declines precedes an increase in the density of infected hosts in contaminated habitat and thus may serve as an early warning of increasing potential for zoonotic spillover in urbanizing landscapes. These results highlight how sublethal effects of toxicants can determine pathogen impacts on wildlife populations that may not manifest until landscape contamination is widespread.
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影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Taylor B;Skelly D;Demarchis LK;Slade MD;Galusha D;Rabinowitz PM
通讯作者：
Rabinowitz PM
环境污染物：对免疫系统和传染病抵抗力的影响
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
L. D. Caren
通讯作者：
L. D. Caren
野生动物健康与城市化的荟萃分析
影响因子：
10.3
作者：
Maureen H. Murray;Cecilia A. Sánchez;Daniel J. Becker;K. Byers;Katherine E. L. Worsley;M. Craft
通讯作者：
M. Craft
寄生虫和污染物对动物健康的综合影响：寄生虫确实很重要。
影响因子：
9.6
作者：
D. Marcogliese;M. Pietrock
通讯作者：
M. Pietrock
影响因子：
5
作者：
Rohr, Jason R.;Raffel, Thomas R.;Hudson, Peter J.
通讯作者：
Hudson, Peter J.