Misled subjects may know more than their performance implies.
Misled subjects may know more than their performance implies.
复制标题
被误导的对象可能知道的比他们的表现所暗示的更多。
DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.15.2.246
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发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Koshmider3rd,JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zaragoza,MS;Koshmider3rd,JW
许多研究表明，受试者暴露于误导性的事后信息，可能会报告错误的信息与信心在随后的测试记忆的事件。本研究的目的是确定是否受试者暴露于误导性事件后的信息来相信他们记得看到的错误信息在原来的事件。本研究提出的第二个问题是，暴露于错误信息是否会降低受试者记住他们在原始事件中目睹的物品来源的能力。在两个实验中，受试者观看了一系列描述事件的幻灯片，随后接触了关于事件某些方面的误导性信息或中性信息，随后测试了他们对原始和误导性细节来源的记忆。结果表明，暴露于错误信息并没有导致受试者相信他们记得看到错误信息，也没有降低受试者准确识别最初看到的细节来源的能力。无论受试者立即接受测试（实验1）还是延迟1天后接受测试（实验2），都获得了相同的结果模式。总的来说，研究结果表明，即使受试者知道他们不记得看到过错误信息，他们也可能会报告错误信息。
Many studies have demonstrated that subjects exposed to misleading postevent information are likely to report the misinformation with confidence on subsequent tests of memory for the event. The purpose of the present studies was to determine whether subjects exposed to misleading postevent information come to believe they remember seeing the misinformation at the original event. A second question addressed by the present studies is whether exposure to misinformation reduces subjects’ ability to remember the source of items they witnessed at the original event. In two experiments, subjects viewed a slide sequence depicting an event, were subsequently exposed to misleading information or neutral information about selected aspects of the event, and were later tested on their memory for the source of original and misleading details. The results showed that exposure to misinformation did not lead subjects to believe they remembered seeing the misinformation, nor did it reduce subjects’ ability to accurately identify the source of originally seen details. The same pattern of results was obtained whether subjects were tested immediately (Experiment 1) or after a 1-day delay (Experiment 2). Collectively, the results suggest that subjects may report misinformation even if they know they do not remember seeing it.
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影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Marcia K. Johnson;M. A. Foley
通讯作者：
M. A. Foley
事后信息和记忆：回复 Loftus、Schooler 和 Wagenaar
DOI：
10.1037/0096-3445.114.3.381
发表时间：
1985
期刊：
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. McCloskey;M. Zaragoza
通讯作者：
M. Zaragoza
DOI：
10.1016/s0022-5371(77)80014-5
发表时间：
1977
期刊：
Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior
影响因子：
--
作者：
B. Hayes;F. Hayes
通讯作者：
F. Hayes
DOI：
10.1016/s0022-5371(77)80053-4
发表时间：
1977
期刊：
Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior
影响因子：
--
作者：
G. R. Potts
通讯作者：
G. R. Potts
人工逻辑关系及其与语义记忆的相关性。
DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.2.6.746
发表时间：
1976
期刊：
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning & Memory
影响因子：
--
作者：
G. R. Potts
通讯作者：
G. R. Potts