First- and second-order additionality and learning outcomes in collaborative R&D programs

First- and second-order additionality and learning outcomes in collaborative R&D programs
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协作 R 中的一阶和二阶额外性以及学习成果

DOI:
10.1016/j.respol.2007.07.012
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发表时间:
2008
期刊:
影响因子:
7.2
通讯作者:
Autio E
Autio E
中科院分区:
管理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Autio E

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在本文中,我们区分企业层面的学习效果,从“一阶”和“二阶”的附加性,在创新政策干预。“第一阶”的附加性是指直接的企业一级的研发补贴,而“第二阶”的附加性来自知识溢出,企业之间的横向知识交流,并从其他中间或社区一级的影响。从合作研发计划在芬兰的数据分析,我们发现,加强识别与实践的社区之间的R&D计划的参与者(代理二阶额外性),提高企业层面的学习成果超出了直接R&D补贴(代理一阶额外性)。二阶额外性促进的学习效应不仅限于技术学习,还包括商业和市场学习。我们还表明,方案实施的方面增强了识别与实践社区,然后调解方案实施和企业层面的学习成果之间的关系。
In this paper, we distinguish between firm-level learning effects that result from ‘first-order’ and ‘second-order’ additionalities in innovation policy interventions. ‘First-order’ additionalities represent direct firm-level R&D subsidies, whereas ‘second-order’ additionalities result from knowledge spill-overs, horizontal knowledge exchanges between firms, and from other meso- or community-level effects. Analyzing data from collaborative R&D programs in Finland, we show that enhancing identification with a community of practice among R&D program participants (proxy for second-order additionality) enhances firm-level learning outcomes beyond those resulting from direct R&D subsidy (proxy for first-order additionality). Learning effects facilitated by second-order additionality are not confined to technological learning alone, encompassing also business and market learning. We also show that aspects of program implementation enhance identification with a community of practice, which then mediate the relationship between program implementation and firm-level learning outcomes.
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