Promoting peripheral myelin repair.
Promoting peripheral myelin repair.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.04.007
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发表时间：
2016-09
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Notterpek L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhou Y;Notterpek L
与中枢神经系统（CNS）相比，周围神经具有显着的再生和髓鞘再生能力。这种再生能力在很大程度上依赖于施万细胞（周围神经系统（PNS）的髓鞘形成神经胶质细胞）并得到其支持。在各种范例中，雪旺细胞对于去除退化组织至关重要，随后对新再生的轴突进行髓鞘再生。雪旺细胞的这种独特的可塑性一直是急性损伤和慢性疾病（例如遗传性脱髓鞘性神经病）中髓磷脂修复策略的目标。在一种方法中，雪旺细胞的内源性再生能力通过运动、电刺激或药理学手段等干预措施得到增强。或者，源自健康神经或从不同组织来源工程化的雪旺细胞已被移植到三七总皂甙中以支持髓鞘再生。然后，可以通过运动和/或电刺激，以及通过包含经过工程改造以支持神经胶质细胞活力和神经突延伸的生物材料来进一步增强这些移植方法。我们对周围神经生物学以及生物材料工程的基本认识的进步将进一步改善有髓周围神经的功能修复。
Compared to the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nerves have a remarkable ability to regenerate and remyelinate. This regenerative capacity to a large extent is dependent on and supported by Schwann cells, the myelin-forming glial cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In a variety of paradigms, Schwann cells are critical in the removal of the degenerated tissue, which is followed by remyelination of newly-regenerated axons. This unique plasticity of Schwann cells has been the target of myelin repair strategies in acute injuries and chronic diseases, such as hereditary demyelinating neuropathies. In one approach, the endogenous regenerative capacity of Schwann cells is enhanced through interventions such as exercise, electrical stimulation or pharmacological means. Alternatively, Schwann cells derived from healthy nerves, or engineered from different tissue sources have been transplanted into the PNS to support remyelination. These transplant approaches can then be further enhanced by exercise and/or electrical stimulation, as well as by the inclusion of biomaterial engineered to support glial cell viability and neurite extension. Advances in our basic understanding of peripheral nerve biology, as well as biomaterial engineering, will further improve the functional repair of myelinated peripheral nerves.
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