Beyond enclosure: Military bases and the spatial dynamics of secrecy

Beyond enclosure: Military bases and the spatial dynamics of secrecy
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超越围墙:军事基地和保密的空间动态

DOI:
10.1016/j.geoforum.2021.09.005
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Kearns O
Kearns O
中科院分区:
法学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kearns O

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在社会科学中,保密被视为一种包容-排斥的权力关系,在那些“知情者”和被剥夺权利的“知情者”之间。这在空间上被翻译为封闭--通过封锁某些社会关系来塑造局外人--并体现了一种神秘化的社会理论,在这种理论中,统治涉及对被剥削者掩盖现实的压迫性。历史上和最近的军事防御工事,包括现代美国在海外的军事基地,都被研究为创造这种社会效应。本文认为,今天的反恐挑战这种空间模式的秘密和权力。为了突出权威和剥夺局外人的权力,圈地首先必须表现为对空间的占用和隐藏。在美国秘密反恐的后殖民空间中,这种意义的投射遇到了以不同方式塑造空间的社会关系。本文运用殖民档案的理论,分析了美国在尼日尔的一个新的无人机基地,追溯了它作为美国军事活动的重要枢纽在新闻报道中的代表性。媒体一再试图展示崇高的秘密和美国对沙漠的权威,但由于环境脆弱、当地人漠不关心和平淡无奇的空虚形象,情况变得复杂起来。这些不协调削弱了任何美国保密有效的代表和基地作为军事力量的锚。这一分析为理解保密的空间动态和反恐合法化提出了新的方法。
In the social sciences, secrecy is seen as a power relation of inclusion–exclusion, between those 'in the know' and dispossessed 'outsiders'. This is translated spatially as enclosure – shaping outsiders by cordoning off certain social relations – and embodies a social theory of mystification, where domination involves masking reality's oppressiveness from those exploited. Historical and more recent military fortifications, including modern U.S. military bases abroad, have been studied as creating this social effect. This article argues that today's counter-terrorism challenges this spatial model of secrecy and power. In order to project authority and disempower outsiders, enclosure must first be representedasthe appropriation and hiding of space. In post-colonial spaces of secretive U.S. counter-terrorism, this projection of meaning encounters social relations that shape space differently. Using theories of colonial archives, the article analyses a new U.S. drone base in Niger, tracing its representation in news coverage as an important hub of U.S. military activities. Repeated media attempts to demonstrate sublime secrecy and U.S. authority over the Nigerien desert were complicated by patterns of environmental vulnerability, local indifference, and images of underwhelming emptiness. These incongruities undercut any representation of U.S. secrecy as effective and the base as an anchor of military power. This analysis suggests new ways of understanding secrecy’s spatial dynamics and the legitimisation of counter-terrorism.
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