Cranial muscles in amphibians: development, novelties and the role of cranial neural crest cells
Cranial muscles in amphibians: development, novelties and the role of cranial neural crest cells
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两栖动物的颅肌：颅神经嵴细胞的发育、新颖性和作用
DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01541.x
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Olsson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schmidt;Piekarski N. ;Olsson
我们对脊椎动物头部进化的研究侧重于了解形态新奇的发育起源。在两栖动物中使用广泛的比较方法，并与研究良好的鹌鹑-鸡系统进行比较，我们调查了头部发育的不同方面在进化上是如何保守或可变的。在这里，我们回顾了关于颅肌发育经常被忽视的研究，以及它对颅骨软骨发育的依赖性。总的来说，在已研究的少数几种脊椎动物中，颅肌细胞迁移和颅肌形成的时空模式似乎非常保守。然而，墨西哥紫杉醇体节的命运图显示，与鸡相比，鳃下肌(舌肌)的具体构成有所不同。颅肌的正常发育已被证明强烈依赖于两栖类幼体头部中主要由神经脊来源的软骨成分。例如，非洲爪哇转录因子FoxN3的吗啉敲除对脑肌模式有强烈的间接影响，尽管该基因的直接功能主要与神经脊的发育有关。此外，在青蛙中摘除单一的颅神经脊细胞迁移流并结合命运映射表明，单独的颅肌及其神经脊衍生的结缔组织附着来自同一内脏弓，即使肌肉附着于来自不同弓的骨骼组件。在鸡胚胎中也发现了同样的模式，这是唯一被彻底研究的其他物种，因此可能是脊椎动物中的一种保守模式，反映了一种机制的基本性质，这种机制在成年解剖学发生剧烈变化的情况下保持头部的节段顺序不变。有必要对两栖动物耳前中轴旁中胚层进行详细的比较命运图，以确定两栖动物颅肌发育和结构复杂变化背后的发育原因，特别是青蛙蝌蚪中新的嘴器是如何进化的。这也将为进一步研究调节嘴头部形态发生的分子机制奠定基础。我们的实证研究是在一个理论框架内讨论的，该框架涉及到新的解剖结构的进化起源和发展基础。我们认为，共同的发展起源并不是同源性的万无一失的指南，认为只将没有同源的结构视为新奇的观点过于局限，因为新奇必须由同一发展过程框架中的变化产生。因此，在发展过程和机制的层面上，新的结构可能具有同源性，我们需要制定一个考虑到这一点的新颖性的等级概念。
Our research on the evolution of the vertebrate head focuses on understanding the developmental origins of morphological novelties. Using a broad comparative approach in amphibians, and comparisons with the well‐studied quail‐chicken system, we investigate how evolutionarily conserved or variable different aspects of head development are. Here we review research on the often overlooked development of cranial muscles, and on its dependence on cranial cartilage development. In general, cranial muscle cell migration and the spatiotemporal pattern of cranial muscle formation appears to be very conserved among the few species of vertebrates that have been studied. However, fate‐mapping of somites in the Mexican axolotl revealed differences in the specific formation of hypobranchial muscles (tongue muscles) in comparison to the chicken. The proper development of cranial muscles has been shown to be strongly dependent on the mostly neural crest‐derived cartilage elements in the larval head of amphibians. For example, a morpholino‐based knock‐down of the transcription factor FoxN3 inXenopus laevishas drastic indirect effects on cranial muscle patterning, although the direct function of the gene is mostly connected to neural crest development. Furthermore, extirpation of single migratory streams of cranial neural crest cells in combination with fate‐mapping in a frog shows that individual cranial muscles and their neural crest‐derived connective tissue attachments originate from the same visceral arch, even when the muscles attach to skeletal components that are derived from a different arch. The same pattern has also been found in the chicken embryo, the only other species that has been thoroughly investigated, and thus might be a conserved pattern in vertebrates that reflects the fundamental nature of a mechanism that keeps the segmental order of the head in place despite drastic changes in adult anatomy. There is a need for detailed comparative fate‐mapping of pre‐otic paraxial mesoderm in amphibians, to determine developmental causes underlying the complicated changes in cranial muscle development and architecture within amphibians, and in particular how the novel mouth apparatus in frog tadpoles evolved. This will also form a foundation for further research into the molecular mechanisms that regulate rostral head morphogenesis. Our empirical studies are discussed within a theoretical framework concerned with the evolutionary origin and developmental basis of novel anatomical structures in general. We argue that a common developmental origin is not a fool‐proof guide to homology, and that a view that sees only structures without homologs as novel is too restricted, because novelties must be produced by changes in the same framework of developmental processes. At the level of developmental processes and mechanisms, novel structures are therefore likely to have homologs, and we need to develop a hierarchical concept of novelty that takes this into account.
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DOI：
10.1101/sqb.2009.74.010
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology
影响因子：
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作者：
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A. Moczek
头部中胚层的同色异谱模式——它存在吗？
DOI：
10.1007/bf00186835
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
Anatomy and Embryology
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作者：
R. Freund;D. Dörfler;W. Popp;F. Wachtler
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F. Wachtler
林蛙幼虫及变态下颌器的功能形态学
DOI：
10.1163/002829668x00072
发表时间：
1967
期刊：
Netherlands Journal of Zoology
影响因子：
--
作者：
H. Jongh
通讯作者：
H. Jongh
颅面间充质组织的起源和模式。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1986
期刊：
Journal of craniofacial genetics and developmental biology. Supplement
影响因子：
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作者：
Noden,DM
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Noden,DM
使用细胞标记和移植分析蝾螈颅神经嵴迁移途径。
DOI：
10.1242/dev.127.12.2751
发表时间：
2000
期刊：
Development (Cambridge, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Epperlein,H;Meulemans,D;Bronner-Fraser,M;Steinbeisser,H;Selleck,MA
通讯作者：
Selleck,MA