Using Local and Global Genetic Correlation Approaches to Help Elucidate the Shared Genetic Etiology of Psychiatric and Substance Use Traits.

Using Local and Global Genetic Correlation Approaches to Help Elucidate the Shared Genetic Etiology of Psychiatric and Substance Use Traits.
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使用局部和全局遗传相关方法帮助阐明精神病和药物使用特征的共同遗传病因。

DOI:
10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.07.011
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
10.6
通讯作者:
Deak,JosephD
Deak,JosephD
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Deak,JosephD

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近年来,在理解精神疾病的遗传病因学、物质使用特征和物质使用障碍(SUD)方面取得了实质性进展(1,2,3,4)。全基因组关联研究(GWAS)从国际财团和大型生物库生成的大规模数据集中受益匪浅,这些数据库允许许多精神病和物质使用特征的强大GWAS。这些努力导致发现了数千个影响这些特征的遗传基因座,帮助研究人员了解了各种疾病的遗传结构和多基因性,并告知了我们对共享遗传影响模式的了解-主要是通过应用全球遗传相关方法(1,2,3,4).用于估计性状之间的遗传相关性的方法通常使用GWAS分析的输出-GWAS总结分析-用于指定的感兴趣性状。遗传相关性分析使用连锁不平衡(LD)评分回归(5)等方法来生成全局遗传相关性(全局r g)的估计值,提供性状之间总体遗传相关性的信息。与相同物质的SUD相比,物质使用的全球遗传相关性(例如,酒精使用与依赖)表明,这些各自的特征在与精神疾病的关系上有所不同(1,2,3)。SUD倾向于显示与精神病理学形式的正相关性,而物质使用的数量或频率的测量(通常在没有物质使用问题的情况下)倾向于显示与精神疾病的负相关性或无遗传相关性(1,2,3)。虽然信息丰富,但从全球遗传相关性中可以推断出的关于性状之间共有的遗传学和生物学机制的信息水平是有限的。
Recent years have brought substantial progress in understanding the genetic etiology of psychiatric disorders, substance use traits, and substance use disorders (SUDs)(1, 2, 3, 4). Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have benefited greatly from large-scale datasets generated across international consortia and mega-biobanks allowing for well-powered GWASs of many psychiatric and substance use traits. These efforts have resulted in the discovery of thousands of genetic loci that influence these traits, have helped researchers understand the genetic architecture and polygenicity across disorders, and have informed our knowledge of patterns of shared genetic influences—largely through the application of global genetic correlation approaches (1, 2, 3, 4).Approaches for estimating the genetic correlation between traits are often deployed using the output of GWAS analyses—GWAS summary statistics—for the specified traits of interest. Genetic correlation analyses use methodological approaches such as linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression (5) to generate estimates of global genetic correlation (global r g) that provide information on the amount of overall genetic correlation between traits. Global genetic correlations of substance use compared with SUDs with respect to the same substances—for example, alcohol use versus dependence—have shown that these respective traits differ in their relationship with psychiatric disorders (1, 2, 3). SUDs tend to show positive correlations with forms of psychopathology, while measures of quantity or frequency of substance use (often in the absence of substance use problems) tend to show negative or no genetic correlations with psychiatric conditions (1, 2, 3). While informative, the level of information that can be inferred from global genetic correlations about the shared genetics and the biological mechanisms in common between traits is limited.
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