High social trust associated with increased depressive symptoms in a longitudinal South African sample.
High social trust associated with increased depressive symptoms in a longitudinal South African sample.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.12.003
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发表时间：
2018-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Avendano M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adjaye-Gbewonyo K;Kawachi I;Subramanian SV;Avendano M
几项研究已经证明了社会信任与身心健康之间的保护性联系，但知识差距依然存在。关于社会信任的背景性质与个人性质的争论仍在继续；缺乏来自低收入和中等收入国家的研究，研究设计仅限于因果推断。为了解决这些差距，我们利用南非纵向调查《国民收入动态研究》的三次浪潮，考察了社会信任和抑郁症状之间的联系。我们使用个人固定效应模型来评估流行病学研究中心抑郁量表(CES-D-10)的分数变化与完成至少两波NDS成人问卷的15,670人在个人层面和地区层面的个性化和普遍信任之间的联系。高个人水平的普遍信任出人意料地与抑郁症状得分的增加有关，而地区普遍信任并没有显示出相关性。我们还发现了个人和地区层面的个性化信任之间存在着跨层面的互动。当地区信任度较低时，高个人信任度与抑郁症状得分增加相关；然而，随着地区信任度的增加，较高的个人信任度与抑郁症状的减少相关。我们意想不到的结果表明，信任可能并不总是对抑郁症状有益，相反，它的影响可能取决于环境。在社会信任度低的南非，在某些情况下，很可能信任他人可能会导致更严重的抑郁症状。
Several studies have documented a protective association between social trust and mental and physical health, but gaps in knowledge remain. Debates regarding the contextual versus individual nature of social trust are ongoing; research from low- and middle-income countries is lacking, and study designs have been limited for causal inference. To address these gaps, we examined the association between social trust and depressive symptoms using three waves of the National Income Dynamics Study, a longitudinal South African survey. We used individual fixed-effects models to assess the association between changes in scores on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Short Form (CES-D-10) and in individual-level and district-level personalized and generalized trust among 15,670 individuals completing at least two waves of the NIDS adult questionnaire. High individual-level generalized trust was unexpectedly associated with increased depressive symptoms scores while district generalized trust did not show an association. We also found a cross-level interaction between individual and district-level personalized trust. High individual trust was associated with increased depressive symptoms scores when district trust was low; however, as district-level trust increased, higher individual trust was associated with reduced depressive symptoms. Our unexpected results suggest that trust may not always be beneficial for depressive symptoms, but rather, that its effects may depend on context. In the South African setting where social trust is low, being very likely to trust may be associated with worse depressive symptoms in some circumstances.
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