The search for a subsurface ocean in Ganymede with Hubble Space Telescope observations of its auroral ovals

The search for a subsurface ocean in Ganymede with Hubble Space Telescope observations of its auroral ovals
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利用哈勃太空望远镜观测的极光椭圆体寻找木卫三的地下海洋

DOI:
10.1002/2014ja020778
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Hartkorn
Hartkorn
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Duling;Strobel;Feldman;Hartkorn

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我们提出了一种新的方法来寻找木卫三内的地下海洋通过观测和模拟其极光椭圆的动态。极光椭圆的位置振荡是由于木卫三静止坐标系中木星随时间变化的磁层场。如果存在导电海洋,则外部时变磁场由于海洋内的感应而减小,并且椭圆的振荡幅度减小。哈勃太空望远镜(HST)的观测表明,椭圆形的位置平均振荡2.0° ±1.3°。我们的模型计算预测,在没有海洋的情况下,振荡会明显增强5.8° ± 1.3°,而在有海洋的情况下,振荡会增强2.2°±1.3°。由于海洋和无海洋假设不能通过对单个HST图像的简单目视检查来区分,因此我们应用了包括蒙特卡罗检验在内的统计分析,以解决由观测到的排放的不确定性引起的不确定性。对于假定位于150公里和250公里深度之间的海洋,或者海洋顶部的最大深度为330公里,观测要求最低电导率为0.09 S/m。我们的分析意味着木卫三的发电机具有非常低的四极矩与偶极矩之比。这里应用的新技术适合通过监测它们对时变磁场的极光响应来探测其他行星体的内部。
We present a new approach to search for a subsurface ocean within Ganymede through observations and modeling of the dynamics of its auroral ovals. The locations of the auroral ovals oscillate due to Jupiter's time‐varying magnetospheric field seen in the rest frame of Ganymede. If an electrically conductive ocean is present, the external time‐varying magnetic field is reduced due to induction within the ocean and the oscillation amplitude of the ovals decreases. Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations show that the locations of the ovals oscillate on average by 2.0° ±1.3°. Our model calculations predict a significantly stronger oscillation by 5.8° ± 1.3° without ocean compared to 2.2°±1.3° if an ocean is present. Because the ocean and the no‐ocean hypotheses cannot be separated by simple visual inspection of individual HST images, we apply a statistical analysis including a Monte Carlo test to also address the uncertainty caused by the patchiness of observed emissions. The observations require a minimum electrical conductivity of 0.09 S/m for an ocean assumed to be located between 150 km and 250 km depth or alternatively a maximum depth of the top of the ocean at 330 km. Our analysis implies that Ganymede's dynamo possesses an outstandingly low quadrupole‐to‐dipole moment ratio. The new technique applied here is suited to probe the interior of other planetary bodies by monitoring their auroral response to time‐varying magnetic fields.
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