Anatomy and Ontogeny of the Mandibular Symphysis in Alligator mississippiensis
Anatomy and Ontogeny of the Mandibular Symphysis in Alligator mississippiensis
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密西西比鳄下颌联合的解剖学和个体发育
DOI：
10.1002/ar.24116
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Holliday, Casey M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lessner, Emily J.;Gant, Cortaiga A.;Hieronymus, Tobin L.;Vickaryous, Matthew K.;Holliday, Casey M.
鳄鱼进化出了动物王国中一些最具特征的头骨，专门用于半水生和伏击的生活方式，从而产生了能够承受高生物力学负荷和咬合力的进食装置，以及具有三叉神经介导的触觉的头部。下颌骨联合在生物力学杠杆的末端和感觉的天线处容纳这些专门化。鳄鱼下颌骨联合的解剖学知之甚少，阻碍了我们对现存和灭绝谱系中关节的形式、功能和进化的理解。本研究采用影像学、组织学和整体标本法对密西西比扬子鳄的下颌联合进行了解剖学研究。复杂的缝合韧带围绕中线融合的Meckel软骨桥接联合。这些组织在卵内发育的第37-42天组织起来。然而，交错直到孵化后才出现。这些软组织在骺板上留下了轴和辐条状的骨形态，但从未融合。指状交错的形态在联合内变化，表明关节周围的不同负荷。神经血管管延伸穿过下颌骨，到达邻近联合的肺泡、外皮和骨骼。这些特征表明，鳄鱼下颌联合在其他刚性头骨中提供了顺应性。我们假设融合的美克尔软骨在组织化的缝合韧带和矿化骨的发育之前为幼鼠下颌骨提供刚度，同时为躯体生长提供支架。由于神经血管组织的多孔性的牙齿可能允许从周围和加载的联合的感觉和本体感受信息的传输。Anat Rec，302：1696-1708，2019。© 2019美国解剖学协会
Crocodylians evolved some of the most characteristic skulls of the animal kingdom with specializations for semiaquatic and ambush lifestyles, resulting in a feeding apparatus capable of tolerating high biomechanical loads and bite forces and a head with a derived sense of trigeminal‐nerve‐mediated touch. The mandibular symphysis accommodates these specializations being both at the end of a biomechanical lever and an antenna for sensation. Little is known about the anatomy of the crocodylian mandibular symphysis, hampering our understanding of form, function, and evolution of the joint in extant and extinct lineages. We explore mandibular symphysis anatomy of an ontogenetic series ofAlligator mississippiensisusing imaging, histology, and whole mount methods. Complex sutural ligaments emanating about a midline‐fused Meckel's cartilage bridge the symphysis. These tissues organize during days 37–42 ofin ovodevelopment. However, interdigitations do not manifest until after hatching. These soft tissues leave a hub and spoke‐like bony morphology of the symphyseal plate, which never fuses. Interdigitation morphology varies within the symphysis suggesting differential loading about the joint. Neurovascular canals extend throughout the mandibles to alveoli, integument, and bone adjacent to the symphysis. These features suggest theAlligatormandibular symphysis offers compliance in an otherwise rigid skull. We hypothesize a fused Meckel's cartilage offers stiffness in hatchling mandibles prior to the development of organized sutural ligaments and mineralized bone while offering a scaffold for somatic growth. The porosity of the dentaries due to neurovascular tissues likely allows transmission of sensory and proprioceptive information from the surroundings and the loaded symphysis. Anat Rec, 302:1696–1708, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
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