Methylglyoxal resistance in Bacillus subtilis: contributions of bacillithiol-dependent and independent pathways.

Methylglyoxal resistance in Bacillus subtilis: contributions of bacillithiol-dependent and independent pathways.
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DOI:
10.1111/mmi.12489
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发表时间:
2014-02
影响因子:
3.6
通讯作者:
Helmann JD
Helmann JD
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chandrangsu P;Dusi R;Hamilton CJ;Helmann JD

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甲基乙二醛 (MG) 是糖酵解的有毒副产物,会损害 DNA 和蛋白质,最终导​​致细胞死亡。谷胱甘肽依赖性乙二醛酶途径通常可提供对 MG 的保护。然而,低 GC 革兰氏阳性厚壁菌门(例如枯草芽孢杆菌)中不存在谷胱甘肽。杆菌硫醇(BSH)作为厚壁菌门中主要的低分子量硫醇的鉴定提出了 BSH 参与 MG 解毒的可能性。在这里,我们证明 MG 可以快速、特异性地消耗细胞中的 BSH,并且我们确定了 BSH 依赖性和 BSH 独立性 MG 抵抗途径。 BSH 依赖性途径利用乙二醛酶 I(GlxA,以前称为 YwbC)和乙二醛酶 II(GlxB,以前称为 YurT)将 MG 转化为 D-乳酸。该途径的关键步骤是 S-乳酰-BSH 中间体激活 KhtSTU K+ 外排泵,从而导致细胞质酸化。我们证明细胞质酸化对于最大程度地预防 MG 来说既是必要的也是充分的。另外两条 MG 解毒途径独立于博西家电 (BSH) 运作。第一个涉及三种酶(YdeA、YraA 和 YfkM),预计它们是乙二醛酶 III 的同源物,可将 MG 转化为 D-乳酸;第二个涉及 YhdN,此前已证明它是一种广泛特异性的醛酮还原酶,可将 MG 转化为丙酮醇。
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a toxic byproduct of glycolysis that damages DNA and proteins ultimately leading to cell death. Protection from MG is often conferred by a glutathione-dependent glyoxalase pathway. However, glutathione is absent from the low-GC Gram-positive Firmicutes, such as Bacillus subtilis. The identification of bacillithiol (BSH) as the major low molecular weight thiol in the Firmicutes raises the possibility that BSH is involved in MG detoxification. Here, we demonstrate that MG can rapidly and specifically deplete BSH in cells, and we identify both BSH-dependent and BSH-independent MG resistance pathways. The BSH-dependent pathway utilizes glyoxalase I (GlxA, formerly YwbC) and glyoxalase II (GlxB, formerly YurT) to convert MG to D-lactate. The critical step in this pathway is the activation of the KhtSTU K+ efflux pump by the S-lactoyl-BSH intermediate, which leads to cytoplasmic acidification. We show that cytoplasmic acidification is both necessary and sufficient for maximal protection from MG. Two additional MG detoxification pathways operate independent of BSH. The first involves three enzymes (YdeA, YraA and YfkM) which are predicted to be homologues of glyoxalase III that converts MG to D-lactate, and the second involves YhdN, previously shown to be a broad specificity aldo-keto reductase that converts MG to acetol.
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