Calcium channel regulator Mid1 links TORC2-mediated changes in mitochondrial respiration to autophagy.

Calcium channel regulator Mid1 links TORC2-mediated changes in mitochondrial respiration to autophagy.
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DOI:
10.1083/jcb.201605030
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发表时间:
2016-12-19
期刊:
The Journal of cell biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Powers T
Powers T
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vlahakis A;Lopez Muniozguren N;Powers T

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雷帕霉素不敏感的TORC2信号通过抑制钙依赖的磷酸酶钙调神经磷酸酶促进氨基酸饥饿诱导的自噬。Vlahakis等人。结果表明,这种调节需要ER钙通道调节蛋白MID1,它将TORC2突变体中线粒体ROS的积累与钙调神经磷酸酶激活和自噬抑制结合在一起。自噬是一种分解代谢过程,回收细胞质内容物,对细胞在应激状态下的生存至关重要。雷帕霉素(TOR)激酶的靶标作为两个不同的蛋白质复合体TORC1和TORC2的一部分来调节自噬。TORC1根据氮素的有效性负向调节自噬。相反,TORC2通过其靶向激酶Ypk1,通过抑制钙依赖的磷酸酶钙调神经磷酸酶的活性,促进一般氨基酸控制(Gaac)反应,在氨基酸饥饿过程中作为自噬的正向调节因子。目前尚不清楚TORC2-Ypk1信号如何调节这一途径中的钙调神经磷酸酶。在这里,我们证明了钙调神经磷酸酶的激活需要MID1,MID1是一种内质网定位的钙通道调节蛋白,参与氧化应激反应。我们发现,在TORC2-Ypk1缺失的细胞中,正常的线粒体呼吸受到干扰,这导致线粒体衍生的活性氧物种的积累,这些活性氧物种向MID1发出信号以激活钙调神经磷酸酶,从而抑制Gaac反应和自噬。这些发现描述了一种新的途径,涉及TORC2、线粒体氧化应激和钙稳态来调节自噬。
Rapamycin-insensitive TORC2 signaling promotes amino acid starvation–induced autophagy through inhibition of the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin. Vlahakis et al. show that this regulation requires the ER calcium channel regulatory protein Mid1, which couples mitochondrial ROS accumulation in TORC2 mutants to calcineurin activation and autophagy repression. Autophagy is a catabolic process that recycles cytoplasmic contents and is crucial for cell survival during stress. The target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase regulates autophagy as part of two distinct protein complexes, TORC1 and TORC2. TORC1 negatively regulates autophagy according to nitrogen availability. In contrast, TORC2 functions as a positive regulator of autophagy during amino acid starvation, via its target kinase Ypk1, by repressing the activity of the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin and promoting the general amino acid control (GAAC) response. Precisely how TORC2-Ypk1 signaling regulates calcineurin within this pathway remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that activation of calcineurin requires Mid1, an endoplasmic reticulum–localized calcium channel regulatory protein implicated in the oxidative stress response. We find that normal mitochondrial respiration is perturbed in TORC2-Ypk1–deficient cells, which results in the accumulation of mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species that signal to Mid1 to activate calcineurin, thereby inhibiting the GAAC response and autophagy. These findings describe a novel pathway involving TORC2, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and calcium homeostasis for autophagy regulation.
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