Fast, multiphase volume adaptation to hyperosmotic shock by Escherichia coli.

Fast, multiphase volume adaptation to hyperosmotic shock by Escherichia coli.
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快速的多相体积适应大肠杆菌对高渗性休克。

DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0035205
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Shaevitz JW
Shaevitz JW
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pilizota T;Shaevitz JW

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所有活细胞都采用一系列不同的机制来帮助它们在细胞外渗透压的变化中生存下来。细菌细胞质和外部环境中化学物质浓度的差异产生了使细胞膨胀的渗透压。人们认为,大肠杆菌使用许多相互关联的系统来适应外部压力的变化,使它们能够保持膨压,并生活在外部渗透压超过200倍的环境中。在这里,我们使用荧光成像,使第一次测量的细胞体积变化随着时间的推移,在高渗休克和随后的适应在体内的单细胞水平上的时间分辨率为秒的顺序。我们直接观察到两个以前看不见的阶段的细胞质水流出后高渗休克。此外,我们监测细胞体积的变化,在休克后恢复和观察两个阶段的反应,这取决于休克幅度。恢复的初始阶段是快速的,在15-20分钟的数量级,并显示出很小的细胞间变化。对于大的蔗糖冲击,持续几个小时的第二阶段增加了恢复。我们发现,使用现有系统,细胞能够从高达1 Osmol/kg的冲击中完全恢复,但对于更大的冲击,完全恢复需要蛋白质合成。
All living cells employ an array of different mechanisms to help them survive changes in extra cellular osmotic pressure. The difference in the concentration of chemicals in a bacterium's cytoplasm and the external environment generates an osmotic pressure that inflates the cell. It is thought that the bacterium Escherichia coli use a number of interconnected systems to adapt to changes in external pressure, allowing them to maintain turgor and live in surroundings that range more than two-hundred-fold in external osmolality. Here, we use fluorescence imaging to make the first measurements of cell volume changes over time during hyperosmotic shock and subsequent adaptation on a single cell level in vivo with a time resolution on the order of seconds. We directly observe two previously unseen phases of the cytoplasmic water efflux upon hyperosmotic shock. Furthermore, we monitor cell volume changes during the post-shock recovery and observe a two-phase response that depends on the shock magnitude. The initial phase of recovery is fast, on the order of 15–20 min and shows little cell-to-cell variation. For large sucrose shocks, a secondary phase that lasts several hours adds to the recovery. We find that cells are able to recover fully from shocks as high as 1 Osmol/kg using existing systems, but that for larger shocks, protein synthesis is required for full recovery.
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