Conspiracy theories as barriers to controlling the spread of COVID-19 in the U.S.
Conspiracy theories as barriers to controlling the spread of COVID-19 in the U.S.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113356
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发表时间：
2020-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jamieson KH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Romer D;Jamieson KH
COVID-19疫情对公共卫生构成巨大挑战。由于新型冠状病毒具有高度传染性，因此需要广泛使用预防措施，如掩蔽，物理距离，并最终接种疫苗，以控制它。我们假设，接受在美国COVID-19大流行早期在主流和社交媒体上流传的阴谋论，将与预防行为的采取以及疫苗可用时的疫苗接种呈负相关。于2020年3月下旬对美国成年人（N = 1050）进行了全国概率调查，并于2020年7月对840名相同的人进行了随访。这些调查评估了公共卫生当局建议的预防措施的采用情况、疫苗接种意图、阴谋信念、对威胁的看法、对疫苗安全性的信念、政治意识形态和媒体曝光模式。对三种与COVID-19相关的阴谋论的信念在两个时期内高度稳定，并与（a）对大流行的感知威胁，（B）采取预防措施，包括戴口罩，（c）对疫苗接种安全性的感知，及（d）接种COVID-19疫苗的意愿呈负相关。即使在控制了3月份采取的行动和意图之后，3月份的阴谋信念也预测了7月份随后的戴口罩和接种疫苗的意图。虽然采取预防行为是由政治意识形态和保守的媒体依赖预测，疫苗接种意愿与政治意识形态的相关性较小。主流电视新闻使用预测采取预防行动和疫苗接种。由于对COVID相关阴谋论的信仰预示着对预防行为和未来疫苗接种的抵抗，因此对抗阴谋论和疫苗接种错误信息以防止病毒在美国进一步传播至关重要。减少这些障碍将需要公共卫生当局继续在主流媒体上，特别是在支持与新冠肺炎有关的阴谋论的政治上保守的媒体上发出信息。在美国，相信与COVID-19有关的阴谋是普遍的，而且随着时间的推移而稳定。阴谋信念前瞻性地预测对预防措施和疫苗接种的抵抗。对MMR疫苗危害的认识部分解释了疫苗犹豫。保守的意识形态和媒体使用与阴谋信念呈正相关。阴谋信念对获得公众支持以预防冠状病毒感染构成挑战。
The COVID-19 pandemic poses extraordinary challenges to public health. Because the novel coronavirus is highly contagious, the widespread use of preventive measures such as masking, physical distancing, and eventually vaccination is needed to bring it under control. We hypothesized that accepting conspiracy theories that were circulating in mainstream and social media early in the COVID-19 pandemic in the US would be negatively related to the uptake of preventive behaviors and also of vaccination when a vaccine becomes available. A national probability survey of US adults (N = 1050) was conducted in the latter half of March 2020 and a follow-up with 840 of the same individuals in July 2020. The surveys assessed adoption of preventive measures recommended by public health authorities, vaccination intentions, conspiracy beliefs, perceptions of threat, belief about the safety of vaccines, political ideology, and media exposure patterns. Belief in three COVID-19-related conspiracy theories was highly stable across the two periods and inversely related to the (a) perceived threat of the pandemic, (b) taking of preventive actions, including wearing a face mask, (c) perceived safety of vaccination, and (d) intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Conspiracy beliefs in March predicted subsequent mask-wearing and vaccination intentions in July even after controlling for action taken and intentions in March. Although adopting preventive behaviors was predicted by political ideology and conservative media reliance, vaccination intentions were less related to political ideology. Mainstream television news use predicted adopting both preventive actions and vaccination. Because belief in COVID-related conspiracy theories predicts resistance to both preventive behaviors and future vaccination for the virus, it will be critical to confront both conspiracy theories and vaccination misinformation to prevent further spread of the virus in the US. Reducing those barriers will require continued messaging by public health authorities on mainstream media and in particular on politically conservative outlets that have supported COVID-related conspiracy theories. Belief in conspiracies related to COVID-19 in the US is prevalent and stable across time. Conspiracy beliefs prospectively predict resistance to preventive action and vaccination. Perceptions of the harms of the MMR vaccine partially account for vaccine hesitancy. Conservative ideology and media use are positively related to conspiracy beliefs. Conspiracy beliefs pose challenges in obtaining public support to prevent coronavirus infection.
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