From humans to hydra: patterns of cancer across the tree of life.
From humans to hydra: patterns of cancer across the tree of life.
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DOI：
10.1111/brv.12415
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发表时间：
2018-08
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
de Magalhães JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Albuquerque TAF;Drummond do Val L;Doherty A;de Magalhães JP
癌症是一种多细胞性疾病;它起源于细胞由于突变而失调并失去控制，侵入其他组织并引起不适，残疾，最终死亡。在过去的两个世纪里，人类的预期寿命大大增加，因此癌症的发病率也大大增加。然而，人类的癌症模式与其他物种的癌症模式相比如何，在很大程度上仍然未知。在这篇综述中，我们寻找有关癌症及其在生命之树中的进化基础的线索。我们讨论了来自各种物种的数据，在适当的情况下与人类进行比较，并从进化的角度解释我们的发现。我们的结论是，某些癌症在人类中非常常见，如肺癌，前列腺癌和睾丸癌;而其他癌症在许多物种中很常见。淋巴瘤出现在几乎所有分析的动物中，包括年幼的动物，这可能与病原体对免疫系统的选择有关。人类特有的癌症可能是由于我们的现代环境，也可能是进化的意外：我们物种进化中的随机事件。最后，我们发现，抗癌症动物，如鲸鱼和鼹鼠，已经进化出细胞机制，帮助它们避免肿瘤形成，我们认为有多种天然途径可以抵抗癌症。
Cancer is a disease of multicellularity; it originates when cells become dysregulated due to mutations and grow out of control, invading other tissues and provoking discomfort, disability, and eventually death. Human life expectancy has greatly increased in the last two centuries, and consequently so has the incidence of cancer. However, how cancer patterns in humans compare to those of other species remains largely unknown. In this review, we search for clues about cancer and its evolutionary underpinnings across the tree of life. We discuss data from a wide range of species, drawing comparisons with humans when adequate, and interpret our findings from an evolutionary perspective. We conclude that certain cancers are uniquely common in humans, such as lung, prostate, and testicular cancer; while others are common across many species. Lymphomas appear in almost every animal analysed, including in young animals, which may be related to pathogens imposing selection on the immune system. Cancers unique to humans may be due to our modern environment or may be evolutionary accidents: random events in the evolution of our species. Finally, we find that cancer‐resistant animals such as whales and mole‐rats have evolved cellular mechanisms that help them avoid neoplasia, and we argue that there are multiple natural routes to cancer resistance.
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影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Bronden, L. B.;Nielsen, S. S.;Kristensen, A. T.
通讯作者：
Kristensen, A. T.
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Burek-Huntington, Kathy A.;Mulcahy, Daniel M.;Johnson, Todd O.
通讯作者：
Johnson, Todd O.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Bakitas, Marie A.
通讯作者：
Bakitas, Marie A.
DOI：
10.1093/geronj/46.2.b47
发表时间：
1991-03-01
期刊：
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
AUSTAD, SN;FISCHER, KE
通讯作者：
FISCHER, KE
影响因子：
0.8
作者：
Arbelo, M.;Espinosa de los Monteros, A.;Fernandez, A.
通讯作者：
Fernandez, A.