Temporal context in speech processing and attentional stream selection: a behavioral and neural perspective.

Temporal context in speech processing and attentional stream selection: a behavioral and neural perspective.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.bandl.2011.12.010
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发表时间:
2012-09
期刊:
影响因子:
2.5
通讯作者:
Schroeder, Charles E.
Schroeder, Charles E.
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Golumbic, Elana M. Zion;Poeppel, David;Schroeder, Charles E.

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人类处理语音的能力是惊人的,特别是考虑到语音中的信息同时在多个时间尺度上展开。同样值得注意的是,我们能够过滤掉无关的声音并将注意力集中在一场对话上,这就是“鸡尾酒会”效应的缩影。然而,在线语音解码和注意力流选择背后的神经机制尚不清楚。我们回顾了行为和神经生理学研究的结果,这些研究强调了言语时间结构对于实现这些感知壮举的重要性。我们讨论了这样的假设:跨多个时间尺度,环境神经元振荡夹带到语音的时间结构有助于促进其解码,并成为选择有人参与的语音流而不是其他竞争输入的基础。在这方面,语音解码和注意力流选择是“主动感知”的例子,强调神经元动力学的主动和预测性自上而下调制与自下而上的感觉输入之间的相互作用。
The human capacity for processing speech is remarkable, especially given that information in speech unfolds over multiple time scales concurrently. Similarly notable is our ability to filter out of extraneous sounds and focus our attention on one conversation, epitomized by the ‘Cocktail Party’ effect. Yet, the neural mechanisms underlying on-line speech decoding and attentional stream selection are not well understood. We review findings from behavioral and neurophysiological investigations that underscore the importance of the temporal structure of speech for achieving these perceptual feats. We discuss the hypothesis that entrainment of ambient neuronal oscillations to speech’s temporal structure, across multiple time-scales, serves to facilitate its decoding and underlies the selection of an attended speech stream over other competing input. In this regard, speech decoding and attentional stream selection are examples of ‘active sensing’, emphasizing an interaction between proactive and predictive top-down modulation of neuronal dynamics and bottom-up sensory input.
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