Role of Exosomal MicroRNAs and myomiRs in the Development of Cancer Cachexia-Associated Muscle Wasting.
Role of Exosomal MicroRNAs and myomiRs in the Development of Cancer Cachexia-Associated Muscle Wasting.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnut.2017.00069
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Seelaender M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marinho R;Alcântara PSM;Ottoch JP;Seelaender M
恶病质是一种复杂的代谢综合征，可促进体重减轻，并伴有明显的肌肉萎缩。在过去的几年里，许多努力已经被导向，以提高对疾病的机制的理解。这种综合征存在于高达80%的癌症患者中，尽管其临床相关性，但诊断不足。在恶病质中观察到的分子和生化破坏的协调被炎症所掩盖，并且不同身体隔室（包括肿瘤和骨骼肌）之间的通信仍然没有完全描述。可能参与肌肉中炎症信号转导和分解代谢状态激活的机制之一是含有microRNA（miRNAs）和肌肉特异性miRNAs（myomiRs）的外泌体的参与。外泌体是纳米囊泡，尺寸为30至100 µm，能够在循环中携带miRNA，以自分泌、旁分泌和内分泌方式促进细胞-细胞和组织-组织通讯。在外泌体中转运的miRNA被保存下来不被降解，而这些纳米颗粒将货物运送到特定的细胞靶点，使通信更有效。已知几种miRNA调节炎症途径、诱导转移、介导癌症侵袭性，甚至参与骨骼肌中蛋白质合成和降解途径的调节。这篇小型综述的目的是描述目前关于外泌体miRNAs和myomiRs在癌症恶病质状态下诱导肌肉萎缩中的作用的知识，并解释哪些转录因子，蛋白质和途径受这些分子的调节。
Cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome that promotes great weight loss, with marked muscle mass wasting. In the last years, many efforts have been directed to improve the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the disease. This syndrome is present in up to 80% of cancer patients and, despite its clinical relevance, is underdiagnosed. The orchestration of the molecular and biochemical disruptions observed in cachexia is paralleled by inflammation and the communication among the different body compartments, including the tumor and the skeletal muscle, is still not completely described. One of the mechanisms that may be involved in the transduction of the inflammatory signals and the activation of catabolic status in muscle is the participation of exosomes containing microRNAs (miRNAs) and muscle-specific miRNAs (myomiRs). Exosomes are nanovesicles, measuring from 30 to 100 µm, and able to carry miRNAs in the circulation, promoting cell–cell and tissue–tissue communication in an autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine manner. miRNAs transported in exosomes are preserved from degradation, while these nanoparticles deliver the cargo to specific cell targets, making communication more efficient. Several miRNAs are known to modulate inflammatory pathways, to induce metastasis, to mediate cancer aggressiveness and even to participate in the regulation of protein synthesis and degradation pathways in the skeletal muscle. The aim of this mini-review is to describe the present knowledge about the role of exosomal miRNAs and myomiRs in the induction of muscle mass wasting in cancer cachexia state and to explain which transcription factors, proteins, and pathways are regulated by these molecules.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle
影响因子：
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作者：
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