Targeted Degradation of CTCF Decouples Local Insulation of Chromosome Domains from Genomic Compartmentalization.

Targeted Degradation of CTCF Decouples Local Insulation of Chromosome Domains from Genomic Compartmentalization.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.004
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发表时间:
2017-05-18
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Bruneau BG
Bruneau BG
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nora EP;Goloborodko A;Valton AL;Gibcus JH;Uebersohn A;Abdennur N;Dekker J;Mirny LA;Bruneau BG

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哺乳动物染色体折叠的分子机制尚不清楚。转录因子CTCF是染色体结构的候选调节因子。利用生长素诱导的小鼠胚胎干细胞脱生长系统,我们发现CTCF是CTCF靶位点之间的环和拓扑相关结构域(TADs)绝缘所绝对需要的剂量依赖性物质。修复CTCF恢复了改变染色体上的正常结构,表明CTCF在染色质折叠中具有强大的指导作用。在非分裂细胞中,CTCF对于TAD的组织仍然是必不可少的。令人惊讶的是,活跃和不活跃的基因组区室在CTCF耗尽后仍能正确分离,这表明哺乳动物染色体的区室化独立于TADs的适当隔离而出现。此外,我们的数据支持CTCF通过增强子阻断介导转录绝缘子功能,而不是作为异染色质扩散的直接屏障。除了定义CTCF在染色体折叠中的功能之外,这些结果为哺乳动物基因组组织的规则提供了新的基本见解。
The molecular mechanisms underlying folding of mammalian chromosomes remain poorly understood. The transcription factor CTCF is a candidate regulator of chromosomal structure. Using the auxin-inducible degron system in mouse embryonic stem cells, we show that CTCF is absolutely and dose-dependently required for looping between CTCF target sites and insulation of topologically associating domains (TADs). Restoring CTCF reinstates proper architecture on altered chromosomes, indicating a powerful instructive function for CTCF in chromatin folding. CTCF remains essential for TAD organization in non-dividing cells. Surprisingly, active and inactive genome compartments remain properly segregated upon CTCF depletion, revealing that compartmentalization of mammalian chromosomes emerges independently of proper insulation of TADs. Further, our data support that CTCF mediates transcriptional insulator function through enhancer-blocking but not as a direct barrier to heterochromatin spreading. Beyond defining the functions of CTCF in chromosome folding these results provide new fundamental insights into the rules governing mammalian genome organization.
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