Serotonin immunoreactive interneurons in the brain of the Remipedia: new insights into the phylogenetic affinities of an enigmatic crustacean taxon.
Serotonin immunoreactive interneurons in the brain of the Remipedia: new insights into the phylogenetic affinities of an enigmatic crustacean taxon.
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羟色胺的免疫反应性中间神经元在雷神的大脑中：对神秘的甲壳类分类单元的系统发育亲和力的新见解。
DOI：
10.1186/1471-2148-12-168
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发表时间：
2012-09-05
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Koenemann S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stemme T;Iliffe TM;Bicker G;Harzsch S;Koenemann S
残足类是一组分节、穴居、无眼的节肢动物，在早期的形态学和分类学研究中被认为是底栖甲壳动物。然而，分子序列信息与高度分化的大脑的发现一起导致了对它们的系统发育位置的重新考虑。各种相互矛盾的假说已经提出，包括要求的基础地位Remipedia到一个密切的关系，软甲纲或六足目。为了提供新的形态学特征，可能允许系统发育的见解，我们已经分析了更详细地使用免疫细胞化学（5-羟色胺，乙酰化α-微管蛋白，突触蛋白）结合共聚焦激光扫描显微镜和图像重建技术的remipede大脑的架构。这种方法允许与其他甲壳动物和六足动物类群进行全面的神经解剖学比较。大脑的主要结构是中脑嗅神经柱，它通过嗅球束与原脑半椭圆体相连。嗅球束在大脑中央形成一个特征性的交叉。在Speleonectes tulumensis中，每个大脑半球包含约120个5-羟色胺免疫反应神经元，这些神经元分布在不同的细胞群中，为16个neuropilar域提供精细，丰富的分支神经突。嗅神经球由300多个球形嗅球组成，呈分叶状排列。八个5-羟色胺免疫反应神经元均匀地支配嗅球。在前脑，5-羟色胺免疫反应显示几个结构，其中，基于它们的位置和连接类似于一个中央复合体，包括一个中央体，一个前脑桥，W-，X-，Y-，Z-束，和侧副叶。Remipedia的大脑显示了与其他下颌动物共享的几个准形态特征，例如具有肾小球组织的中脑嗅觉神经末梢，5-羟色胺免疫反应中间神经元的神经支配，以及与原脑神经末梢的连接。此外，我们还提供了类似软甲纲和六足纲动物脑中的足中央复合体中W-、X-、Y-和Z-束的初步证据。此外，Remipedia与软甲纲显示了几种共形，支持两个类群之间的姐妹群关系。这些同源性包括嗅球束的交叉，其连接嗅神经柱与外侧前脑和半椭圆体的存在。尽管越来越多的分子研究联合Remipedia和Ceatrocarida，我们的神经解剖学比较不支持这样的姐妹群关系。
Remipedia, a group of homonomously segmented, cave-dwelling, eyeless arthropods have been regarded as basal crustaceans in most early morphological and taxonomic studies. However, molecular sequence information together with the discovery of a highly differentiated brain led to a reconsideration of their phylogenetic position. Various conflicting hypotheses have been proposed including the claim for a basal position of Remipedia up to a close relationship with Malacostraca or Hexapoda. To provide new morphological characters that may allow phylogenetic insights, we have analyzed the architecture of the remipede brain in more detail using immunocytochemistry (serotonin, acetylated α-tubulin, synapsin) combined with confocal laser-scanning microscopy and image reconstruction techniques. This approach allows for a comprehensive neuroanatomical comparison with other crustacean and hexapod taxa. The dominant structures of the brain are the deutocerebral olfactory neuropils, which are linked by the olfactory globular tracts to the protocerebral hemiellipsoid bodies. The olfactory globular tracts form a characteristic chiasm in the center of the brain. In Speleonectes tulumensis, each brain hemisphere contains about 120 serotonin immunoreactive neurons, which are distributed in distinct cell groups supplying fine, profusely branching neurites to 16 neuropilar domains. The olfactory neuropil comprises more than 300 spherical olfactory glomeruli arranged in sublobes. Eight serotonin immunoreactive neurons homogeneously innervate the olfactory glomeruli. In the protocerebrum, serotonin immunoreactivity revealed several structures, which, based on their position and connectivity resemble a central complex comprising a central body, a protocerebral bridge, W-, X-, Y-, Z-tracts, and lateral accessory lobes. The brain of Remipedia shows several plesiomorphic features shared with other Mandibulata, such as deutocerebral olfactory neuropils with a glomerular organization, innervations by serotonin immunoreactive interneurons, and connections to protocerebral neuropils. Also, we provided tentative evidence for W-, X-, Y-, Z-tracts in the remipedian central complex like in the brain of Malacostraca, and Hexapoda. Furthermore, Remipedia display several synapomorphies with Malacostraca supporting a sister group relationship between both taxa. These homologies include a chiasm of the olfactory globular tract, which connects the olfactory neuropils with the lateral protocerebrum and the presence of hemiellipsoid bodies. Even though a growing number of molecular investigations unites Remipedia and Cephalocarida, our neuroanatomical comparison does not provide support for such a sister group relationship.
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线粒体蛋白质编码基因的系统发育分析证实了己糖和甲壳类的互惠。
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Carapelli, Antonio;Lio, Pietro;Nardi, Francesco;van der Wath, Elizabeth;Frati, Francesco
通讯作者：
Frati, Francesco
影响因子：
2
作者：
Groh, Claudia;Roessler, Wolfgang
通讯作者：
Roessler, Wolfgang
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Harzsch, S
通讯作者：
Harzsch, S
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0306212101
发表时间：
2004-03-16
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Fanenbruck, M;Harzsch, S;Wägele, JW
通讯作者：
Wägele, JW
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Dacks, Andrew M.;Christensen, Thomas A.;Hildebrand, John G.
通讯作者：
Hildebrand, John G.