Sex that moves mountains: The influence of spawning fish on river profiles over geologic timescales
Sex that moves mountains: The influence of spawning fish on river profiles over geologic timescales
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性移山：产卵鱼对地质时间尺度河流剖面的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.09.033
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Yager, Elowyn M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fremier, Alexander K.;Yanites, Brian J.;Yager, Elowyn M.
复原力的一个关键组成部分是理解生物物理系统各组成部分之间的反馈，如物理驱动因素、生态响应以及随后对物理过程的反馈。虽然生物物种形成的物理解释很常见(例如，将一个物种隔开的山脉可能导致物种形成)，但很少有人研究相反的过程：物种形成事件是否会对景观中的物理过程和模式产生重大影响？当考虑到这样的过程时，例如与生态系统工程师一起，许多研究都集中在短期的物理和生物影响上，而不是长期的影响上。在这里，我们通过改变移动河床颗粒所需的临界剪应力，将鲑鱼产卵对河床的物理影响正式化为河道剖面演变的模型。然后，我们询问产卵和适应性辐射事件(类似于太平洋鲑鱼物种发生的事件)是否会对地质时间尺度上的河道侵蚀过程和河流剖面产生影响。我们发现，产卵可以深刻地影响河床的纵向剖面，从而影响整个流域的演变。此外，来自同一祖先的五条太平洋鲑鱼的辐射也可能引起显著的地貌变化，因为它改变了给定粒度分布的更大剖面。这项模拟研究表明，生物进化可以通过增加山区溪流的泥沙输送和侵蚀效率来影响景观演变。此外，通过创建新的栖息地类型，物种对其环境的物理影响可能是对物种中快速辐射事件的补充解释。这个例子为思考生物和非生物系统的长期和短期耦合提供了一个说明性的案例。
A key component of resilience is to understand feedbacks among components of biophysical systems, such as physical drivers, ecological responses and the subsequent feedbacks onto physical process. While physically based explanations of biological speciation are common (e.g., mountains separating a species can lead to speciation), less common is the inverse process examined: can a speciation event have significant influence on physical processes and patterns in a landscape? When such processes are considered, such as with ‘ecosystem engineers’, many studies have focused on the short-term physical and biological effects rather than the long-term impacts. Here, we formalized the physical influence of salmon spawning on stream beds into a model of channel profile evolution by altering the critical shear stress required to move stream bed particles. We then asked if spawning and an adaptive radiation event (similar to the one that occurred in Pacific salmon species) could have an effect on channel erosion processes and stream profiles over geological timescales. We found that spawning can profoundly influence the longitudinal profiles of stream beds and thereby the evolution of entire watersheds. The radiation of five Pacific salmon from a common ancestor, additionally, could also cause significant geomorphic change by altering a wider section of the profile for a given distribution of grain sizes. This modeling study suggests that biological evolution can impact landscape evolution by increasing the sediment transport and erosion efficiency of mountain streams. Moreover, the physical effects of a species on its environment might be a complementary explanation for rapid radiation events in species through the creation of new habitat types. This example provides an illustrative case for thinking about the long- and short-term coupling of biotic and abiotic systems.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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影响因子：
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